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Trace Metal Accumulation in Rice Variety Kainat Irrigated with Canal Water

Author

Listed:
  • Zafar Iqbal Khan

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Asim Mansha

    (Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

    (College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Farah Tariq

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Kafeel Ahmad

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Tasneem Ahmad

    (Thathi Pak Farm House, Toba Tek Sigh 36070, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan

    (Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Muyassar H. Abualreesh

    (Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdualaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Aishah Alatawi

    (Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shafaqat Ali

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan)

Abstract

Due to the rapid increase in industrial and urban areas, environmental pollution is increasing worldwide, causing unwanted changes in the air, water, and soil at biological, physical, and chemical levels, ultimately causing negative effects for living things. This work was performed in Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan, and examined and measured heavy metal levels in various plant parts of the rice ( Oryza sativa ) variety Kainat (roots, shoots, and grains) with results been set in relation to the soil around the root area. The samples were taken from five different sites. The mean level of trace metals (mg/kg) in grains was soil-dependent and varied from cadmium (Cd) (2.49–5.52), zinc (Zn) (5.8–10.78), copper (Cu) (4.82–7.85), cobalt (Co) (1.48–6.52), iron (Fe) (8.68–14.73), manganese (Mn) (6.87–13.93), and nickel (Ni) (2.3–8.34). Excluding Cd, the absorption of all metals under inspection was recorded within permissible limits, as recommended by the FAO and WHO. The pollution load index for Cd was highest at all sites. The enrichment coefficient of Co, Cd, and Cu were greater. The bioaccumulation factor at all studied sites was present, in order: Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Fe ˃ Mn ˃ Co ˃ Ni ˃ Cd. The translocation factor was present at five different sites: Mn ˃ Fe ˃ Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Co ˃ Cd ˃ Ni. The health risk index of all inspected metals was lower than 1 and was within safe limits. The higher pollution of Cd suggested maintenance of rice crop is recommended, decreasing health risks in humans.

Suggested Citation

  • Zafar Iqbal Khan & Asim Mansha & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Farah Tariq & Kafeel Ahmad & Tasneem Ahmad & Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan & Muyassar H. Abualreesh & Aishah Alatawi & Shafaqat Ali, 2021. "Trace Metal Accumulation in Rice Variety Kainat Irrigated with Canal Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13739-:d:701131
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Farah Tariq & Xiukang Wang & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Zafar Iqbal Khan & Kafeel Ahmad & Ifra Saleem Malik & Mudasra Munir & Shehzadi Mahpara & Naunain Mehmood & Tasneem Ahmad & Hafsa Memona & Ilker Ug, 2021. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-13, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Arwa A. AL-Huqail & Pankaj Kumar & Ebrahem M. Eid & Bashir Adelodun & Sami Abou Fayssal & Jogendra Singh & Ashish Kumar Arya & Madhumita Goala & Vinod Kumar & Ivan Širić, 2022. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil and Two Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Irrigated with Paper Mill Effluent," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Aishah Alatawi & Xiukang Wang & Arosha Maqbool & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Kamal Usman & Muhammad Rizwan & Tahira Yasmeen & Muhammad Saleem Arif & Shamaila Noreen & Afzal Hussain & Shafaqat Ali, 2022. "S-Fertilizer (Elemental Sulfur) Improves the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Nudrat Aisha Akram & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Sidra Shafiq & Hira Naz & Muhammad Farid-ul-Haq & Baber Ali & Fahad Shafiq & Muhammad Iqbal & Mariusz Jaremko & Kamal Ahmad Qureshi, 2022. "Phytoextracts as Crop Biostimulants and Natural Protective Agents—A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, November.

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