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Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It

Author

Listed:
  • Roohallah Saberi Riseh

    (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran)

  • Marzieh Ebrahimi-Zarandi

    (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, Iran)

  • Elahe Tamanadar

    (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran)

  • Mojde Moradi Pour

    (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran)

  • Vijay Kumar Thakur

    (Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
    School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India)

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that influences plant growth and productivity worldwide. Salinity affects plant growth by ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, hormonal imbalance, nutrient mobilization reduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To survive in saline soils, plants have developed various physiological and biochemical strategies such as ion exchange, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and hormonal stimulation. In addition to plant adaption mechanisms, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance salt tolerance in plants via ion homeostasis, production of antioxidants, ACC deaminase, phytohormones, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), volatile organic compounds, accumulation of osmolytes, activation of plant antioxidative enzymes, and improvement of nutrients uptake. One of the important issues in microbial biotechnology is establishing a link between the beneficial strains screened in the laboratory with industry and the consumer. Therefore, in the development of biocontrol agents, it is necessary to study the optimization of conditions for mass reproduction and the selection of a suitable carrier for their final formulation. Toward sustainable agriculture, the use of appropriate formulations of bacterial agents as high-performance biofertilizers, including microbial biocapsules, is necessary to improve salt tolerance and crop productivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Roohallah Saberi Riseh & Marzieh Ebrahimi-Zarandi & Elahe Tamanadar & Mojde Moradi Pour & Vijay Kumar Thakur, 2021. "Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12758-:d:681984
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rihab Djebaili & Marika Pellegrini & Maria Smati & Maddalena Del Gallo & Mahmoud Kitouni, 2020. "Actinomycete Strains Isolated from Saline Soils: Plant-Growth-Promoting Traits and Inoculation Effects on Solanum lycopersicum," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Datta, K. K. & Jong, C. de, 2002. "Adverse effect of waterlogging and soil salinity on crop and land productivity in northwest region of Haryana, India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(3), pages 223-238, December.
    3. Nermin Adel Hussein El Semary & Mohamed Helmi Hadj Alouane & Olfa Nasr & Munirah F. Aldayel & Fatimah H. Alhaweti & Faheem Ahmed, 2020. "Salinity Stress Mitigation Using Encapsulated Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, November.
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