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Role of Biofuels in Energy Transition, Green Economy and Carbon Neutrality

Author

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  • Nida Khan

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia)

  • Kumarasamy Sudhakar

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia
    Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia
    Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, India)

  • Rizalman Mamat

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

Abstract

Modern civilization is heavily reliant on petroleum-based fuels to meet the energy demand of the transportation sector. However, burning fossil fuels in engines emits greenhouse gas emissions that harm the environment. Biofuels are commonly regarded as an alternative for sustainable transportation and economic development. Algal-based fuels, solar fuels, e-fuels, and CO 2 -to-fuels are marketed as next-generation sources that address the shortcomings of first-generation and second-generation biofuels. This article investigates the benefits, limitations, and trends in different generations of biofuels through a review of the literature. The study also addresses the newer generation of biofuels highlighting the social, economic, and environmental aspects, providing the reader with information on long-term sustainability. The use of nanoparticles in the commercialization of biofuel is also highlighted. Finally, the paper discusses the recent advancements that potentially enable a sustainable energy transition, green economy, and carbon neutrality in the biofuel sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Nida Khan & Kumarasamy Sudhakar & Rizalman Mamat, 2021. "Role of Biofuels in Energy Transition, Green Economy and Carbon Neutrality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-30, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12374-:d:675549
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Narayanan, Mathiyazhagan, 2024. "Promising biorefinery products from marine macro and microalgal biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 190(PB).
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    4. Kai Ling Yu & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Halimah Badioze Zaman, 2022. "Microalgae Biomass as Biofuel and the Green Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-6, October.
    5. Ajith Gopi & Prabhakar Sharma & Kumarasamy Sudhakar & Wai Keng Ngui & Irina Kirpichnikova & Erdem Cuce, 2022. "Weather Impact on Solar Farm Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-28, December.

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