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Economic and Environmental Assessment Using Emergy of Sheep Production in Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Beatriz Queiróz dos Reis

    (School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Danny Alexander Rojas Moreno

    (Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Rafael Araújo Nacimento

    (School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Vitória Toffolo Luiz

    (Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Laya Kannan Silva Alves

    (School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Biagio Fernando Giannetti

    (Laboratory of Production and Environment, Paulista University, Sao Paulo 04026-000, Brazil)

  • Augusto Hauber Gameiro

    (School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of a Brazilian sheep production system (in the São José do Rio Preto (SJRP) region). The cost of production and the emergy indicators were calculated, and compared with other scientific results. The study was divided into three stages: (i) construction of the conceptual model; (ii) transformation of all resources and stocks by unit emergy value; and (iii) analysis of emergy indices. For emergy analysis, imported purchased inputs (P) represented 59.84% of all emergy, in which soy and corn contributed 16.14% and 11.38%, respectively. These inputs also contributed significantly to the economic cost of production as 14.63% and 12.55% of the total cost, respectively. Compared to other production systems, the SJRP system presented a lower emergy production rate and a higher environmental load rate, reducing the emergy sustainability index. In addition, it had the highest level of investment in emergy, suggesting that its sustainability is inferior to other referenced production systems. However, the SJRP system had the lowest emergy exchange ratio, indicating that this system is the closest to a fair price. In conclusion, the system must be reconsidered to become more sustainable; mainly with regard to the confinement of lambs that consume large amounts of concentrate (corn and soybean) from outside the system.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatriz Queiróz dos Reis & Danny Alexander Rojas Moreno & Rafael Araújo Nacimento & Vitória Toffolo Luiz & Laya Kannan Silva Alves & Biagio Fernando Giannetti & Augusto Hauber Gameiro, 2021. "Economic and Environmental Assessment Using Emergy of Sheep Production in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11595-:d:660867
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Ghisellini, Patrizia & Zucaro, Amalia & Viglia, Silvio & Ulgiati, Sergio, 2014. "Monitoring and evaluating the sustainability of Italian agricultural system. An emergy decomposition analysis," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 271(C), pages 132-148.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cristian Méndez Rodríguez & Juliana Salazar Benítez & Carlos Felipe Rengifo Rodas & Juan Carlos Corrales & Apolinar Figueroa Casas, 2022. "A Multidisciplinary Approach Integrating Emergy Analysis and Process Modeling for Agricultural Systems Sustainable Management—Coffee Farm Validation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Duian Lu & Jie Cheng & Zhenzhou Feng & Li Sun & Wei Mo & Degang Wang, 2022. "Emergy Synthesis of Two Oyster Aquaculture Systems in Zhejiang Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.

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