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A Simple Procedure to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration during the Irrigation Season in a Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate

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  • Gonçalo C. Rodrigues

    (LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
    Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Ricardo P. Braga

    (Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Penman–Monteith (PM) method is widely regarded as the most effective reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimator; however, it requires a wide range of data that may be scarce in some rural regions. When feasible relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed data are unavailable, a temperature-based method may be useful to estimate ETo and provide suitable data to support irrigation management. This study has evaluated the accuracy of two ETo estimations methods: (1) a locally and monthly adjusted Hargreaves–Samani (HS) equation; (2) a simple procedure that only uses maximum temperature and a temperature adjustment coefficient (MaxTET). Results show that, if a monthly adjusted radiation adjustment coefficient (k Rs ) is calibrated for each site, acceptable ETo estimations (RMSE and R 2 equal to 0.79 for the entire region) can be achieved. Results also show that a procedure to estimate ETo based only on maximum temperature performs acceptably, when compared with ETo estimation using PM equation (RMSE = 0.83 mm day −1 and R 2 = 0.77 for Alentejo). When comparing these results with the ones attained when adopting a monthly adjusted HS method, the MaxTET procedure proves to be an accurate ETo estimator. Results also show that both methods can be used to estimate ETo when weather data are scarce.

Suggested Citation

  • Gonçalo C. Rodrigues & Ricardo P. Braga, 2021. "A Simple Procedure to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration during the Irrigation Season in a Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:349-:d:473870
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jabloun, M. & Sahli, A., 2008. "Evaluation of FAO-56 methodology for estimating reference evapotranspiration using limited climatic data: Application to Tunisia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(6), pages 707-715, June.
    2. Allen, Richard G. & Pruitt, William O. & Wright, James L. & Howell, Terry A. & Ventura, Francesca & Snyder, Richard & Itenfisu, Daniel & Steduto, Pasquale & Berengena, Joaquin & Yrisarry, Javier Basel, 2006. "A recommendation on standardized surface resistance for hourly calculation of reference ETo by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 81(1-2), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Raziei, Tayeb & Pereira, Luis S., 2013. "Estimation of ETo with Hargreaves–Samani and FAO-PM temperature methods for a wide range of climates in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 1-18.
    4. Berti, Antonio & Tardivo, Gianmarco & Chiaudani, Alessandro & Rech, Francesco & Borin, Maurizio, 2014. "Assessing reference evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves method in north-eastern Italy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 20-25.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mojtaba Kadkhodazadeh & Mahdi Valikhan Anaraki & Amirreza Morshed-Bozorgdel & Saeed Farzin, 2022. "A New Methodology for Reference Evapotranspiration Prediction and Uncertainty Analysis under Climate Change Conditions Based on Machine Learning, Multi Criteria Decision Making and Monte Carlo Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-37, February.

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