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Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration during the Irrigation Season Using Nine Temperature-Based Methods in a Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate

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  • Gonçalo C. Rodrigues

    (LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
    Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Ricardo P. Braga

    (Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

The FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is regarded as the most accurate equation to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, it requires a broad range of data that may not be available or of reasonable quality. In this study, nine temperature-based methods were assessed for ETo estimation during the irrigation at fourteen locations distributed through a hot-summer Mediterranean climate region of Alentejo, Southern Portugal. Additionally, for each location, the Hargreaves–Samani radiation adjustment coefficient (k Rs ) was calibrated and validated to evaluate the appropriateness of using the standard value, creating a locally adjusted Hargreaves–Samani (HS) equation. The accuracy of each method was evaluated by statistically comparing their results with those obtained by PM. Results show that the calibration of the k Rs , a locally adjusted HS method can be used to estimate daily ETo acceptably well, with RMSE lower than 0.88 mm day −1 , an estimation error lower than 4% and a R 2 higher than 0.69, proving to be the most accurate model for 8 (out of 14) locations. A modified Hargreaves–Samani method also performed acceptably for 4 locations, with a RMSE of 0.72–0.84 mm day −1 , a slope varying from 0.95 to 1.01 and a R 2 higher than 0.78. One can conclude that, when weather data is missing, a calibrated HS equation is adequate to estimate ETo during the irrigation season.

Suggested Citation

  • Gonçalo C. Rodrigues & Ricardo P. Braga, 2021. "Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration during the Irrigation Season Using Nine Temperature-Based Methods in a Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:2:p:124-:d:492887
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Berti, Antonio & Tardivo, Gianmarco & Chiaudani, Alessandro & Rech, Francesco & Borin, Maurizio, 2014. "Assessing reference evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves method in north-eastern Italy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 20-25.
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    3. Allen, Richard G. & Pruitt, William O. & Wright, James L. & Howell, Terry A. & Ventura, Francesca & Snyder, Richard & Itenfisu, Daniel & Steduto, Pasquale & Berengena, Joaquin & Yrisarry, Javier Basel, 2006. "A recommendation on standardized surface resistance for hourly calculation of reference ETo by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 81(1-2), pages 1-22, March.
    4. Sentelhas, Paulo C. & Gillespie, Terry J. & Santos, Eduardo A., 2010. "Evaluation of FAO Penman-Monteith and alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration with missing data in Southern Ontario, Canada," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(5), pages 635-644, May.
    5. Raziei, Tayeb & Pereira, Luis S., 2013. "Estimation of ETo with Hargreaves–Samani and FAO-PM temperature methods for a wide range of climates in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 1-18.
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    1. Long Zhao & Liwen Xing & Yuhang Wang & Ningbo Cui & Hanmi Zhou & Yi Shi & Sudan Chen & Xinbo Zhao & Zhe Li, 2023. "Prediction Model for Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Based on the Back-propagation Algorithm with Limited Factors," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(3), pages 1207-1222, February.

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