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Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context

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  • Said Muhammad

    (School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Ximei Kong

    (School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    Yunus Social Business Centre, School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Shahab E. Saqib

    (Higher Education Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan)

  • Nicholas J. Beutell

    (LaPenta School of Business, Iona College, New York, NY 108012, USA)

Abstract

This study examines the impact of women’s entrepreneurial income on wellbeing. Women entrepreneurs ( N = 504) from district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan participated in the study. ANOVAs and multiple regressions were used to analyze the impact of predictors on the dependent variables (i.e., per capita income, education, health, entertainment, social, household, and other miscellaneous expenditures, investment, savings, and charity). The findings indicated that women’s informal entrepreneurship has a significant role in family, economic, and societal wellbeing. The results contribute to the understanding of women’s entrepreneurial income on individual and family wellbeing. Women’s informal entrepreneurship plays an important role, particularly in the developing world, consistent with the multiplier effect of women entrepreneurs’’ wellbeing. Measures were suggested to empower such women informal, home-based entrepreneurs in view of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Said Muhammad & Ximei Kong & Shahab E. Saqib & Nicholas J. Beutell, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:18:p:10262-:d:635282
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    Cited by:

    1. Sanaullah Panezai & Ubaid Ali & Alam Zeb & Muhammad Rafiq & Ayat Ullah & Shahab E. Saqib, 2021. "Quantifying the Health and Wealth Benefits of Reducing Point Source Pollution: The Case of the Sugar Industry in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Said Muhammad & Kong Ximei & Shahab E. Saqib & Nicholas J. Beutell, 2021. "Women’s Home-Based Entrepreneurship and Family Financial Position in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.

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