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Earth Observation for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification within Environmental Land Management Policy

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  • Ana Andries

    (Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Richard J. Murphy

    (Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Stephen Morse

    (Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Jim Lynch

    (Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

Abstract

The main aim of the new agricultural scheme, Environmental Land Management, in England is to reward landowners based on their provision of ‘public goods’ while achieving the goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan and commitment to net zero emission by 2050. Earth Observation (EO) satellites appear to offer an unprecedented opportunity in the process of monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of this scheme. In this study, we worked with ecologists to determine the habitat–species relationships for five wildlife species in the Surrey Hills ‘Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty’ (AONB), and this information was used to examine the extent to which EO satellite imagery, particularly very high resolution (VHR) imagery, could be used for habitat assessment, via visual interpretation and automated methods. We show that EO satellite products at 10 m resolution and other geospatial datasets enabled the identification and location of broadly suitable habitat for these species and the use of VHR imagery (at 1–4 m spatial resolution) allowed valuable insights for remote assessment of habitat qualities and quantity. Hence, at a fine scale, we obtained additional habitats such as scrub, hedges, field margins, woodland and tree characteristics, and agricultural practices that offer an effective source of information for sustainable land management. The opportunities and limitations of this study are discussed, and we conclude that there is considerable scope for it to offer valuable information for land management decision-making and as support and evidence for MRV for incentive schemes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Andries & Richard J. Murphy & Stephen Morse & Jim Lynch, 2021. "Earth Observation for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification within Environmental Land Management Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-34, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:9105-:d:614349
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boumans, Roelof & Roman, Joe & Altman, Irit & Kaufman, Les, 2015. "The Multiscale Integrated Model of Ecosystem Services (MIMES): Simulating the interactions of coupled human and natural systems," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 12(C), pages 30-41.
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    Cited by:

    1. Waleed Abbas & Islam Hamdi, 2022. "Satellite-Based Discrimination of Urban Dynamics-Induced Local Bias from Day/Night Temperature Trends across the Nile Delta, Egypt: A Basis for Climate Change Impacts Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, November.
    2. Chunyu Li & Rong Cai & Wei Tian & Junna Yuan & Xiaofei Mi, 2023. "Land Cover Classification by Gaofen Satellite Images Based on CART Algorithm in Yuli County, Xinjiang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Emmanuel H. Lyimo & Gabriel Mayengo & Kwaslema M. Hariohay & Joseph Holler & Alex Kisingo & David J. Castico & Niwaeli E. Kimambo & Justin Lucas & Emanuel H. Martin & Damian Nguma, 2024. "Rapid Appraisal of Wildlife Corridor Viability with Geospatial Modelling and Field Data: Lessons from Makuyuni, Tanzania," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, October.

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