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The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

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  • Till Schmäing

    (Faculty of Biology, Didactics of Biology (Botany/Cell Biology), University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany)

  • Norbert Grotjohann

    (Faculty of Biology, Didactics of Biology (Botany/Cell Biology), University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany)

Abstract

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations ( n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

Suggested Citation

  • Till Schmäing & Norbert Grotjohann, 2021. "The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:8006-:d:596299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Su, Yu-Wen & Lin, Hui-Lin, 2014. "Analysis of international tourist arrivals worldwide: The role of world heritage sites," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 46-58.
    2. Enrico Bertacchini & Claudia Liuzza & Lynn Meskell & Donatella Saccone, 2016. "The politicization of UNESCO World Heritage decision making," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 95-129, April.
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    1. Till Schmäing & Norbert Grotjohann, 2022. "Out-of-School Learning in the Wadden Sea: The Influence of a Mudflat Hiking Tour on the Environmental Attitudes and Environmental Knowledge of Secondary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.

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