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Effects of Meteorological Factors and Anthropogenic Precursors on PM 2.5 Concentrations in Cities in China

Author

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  • Ziyun Jing

    (Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China)

  • Pengfei Liu

    (Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.)

  • Tuanhui Wang

    (Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China)

  • Hongquan Song

    (Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China)

  • Jay Lee

    (College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA)

  • Tao Xu

    (School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China)

  • Yu Xing

    (Henan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China)

Abstract

Fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) in size can significantly affect human health, atmospheric visibility, climate, and ecosystems. PM 2.5 has become the major air pollutant in most cities of China. However, influencing factors and their interactive effects on PM 2.5 concentrations remain unclear. This study used a geographic detector method to quantify the effects of anthropogenic precursors (AP) and meteorological factors on PM 2.5 concentrations in cities of China. Results showed that impacts of meteorological conditions and AP on PM 2.5 have significant spatio-temporal disparities. Temperature was the main influencing factor throughout the whole year, which can explain 27% of PM 2.5 concentrations. Precipitation and temperature were primary impacting factors in southern and northern China, respectively, at the annual time scale. In winter, AP had stronger impacts on PM 2.5 in northern China than in other seasons. Ammonia had stronger impacts on PM 2.5 than other anthropogenic precursors in winter. The interaction between all factors enhanced the formation of PM 2.5 concentrations. The interaction between ammonia and temperature had strongest impacts at the national scale, explaining 46% ( q = 0.46) of PM 2.5 concentrations. The findings comprehensively elucidated the relative importance of driving factors in PM 2.5 formation, which can provide basic foundations for understanding the meteorological and anthropogenic influences on the concentration patterns of PM 2.5 .

Suggested Citation

  • Ziyun Jing & Pengfei Liu & Tuanhui Wang & Hongquan Song & Jay Lee & Tao Xu & Yu Xing, 2020. "Effects of Meteorological Factors and Anthropogenic Precursors on PM 2.5 Concentrations in Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:9:p:3550-:d:350869
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    Cited by:

    1. Xingyu Li & Long Li & Longgao Chen & Ting Zhang & Jianying Xiao & Longqian Chen, 2022. "Random Forest Estimation and Trend Analysis of PM 2.5 Concentration over the Huaihai Economic Zone, China (2000–2020)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Huaiting Luo & Wei Zhou & Izhar Mithal Jiskani & Zhiming Wang, 2021. "Analyzing Characteristics of Particulate Matter Pollution in Open-Pit Coal Mines: Implications for Green Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Jiejun Zhang & Pengfei Liu & Hongquan Song & Changhong Miao & Jie Yang & Longlong Zhang & Junwu Dong & Yi Liu & Yunlong Zhang & Bingchen Li, 2022. "Multi-Scale Effects of Meteorological Conditions and Anthropogenic Emissions on PM2.5 Concentrations over Major Cities of the Yellow River Basin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Moon-Jung Kim & Yu-Sang Chang & Su-Min Kim, 2021. "Impact of Income, Density, and Population Size on PM 2.5 Pollutions: A Scaling Analysis of 254 Large Cities in Six Developed Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-30, August.

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