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Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel-Cell-Battery System to Supply a Small Community at Saudi NEOM City

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  • Hegazy Rezk

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Aldawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11911, Saudi Arabia
    Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61517, Egypt)

  • N. Kanagaraj

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Aldawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11911, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah

    (Systems Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This research paper aimed to design and present a sensitivity analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic-fuel-cell-battery (PV/FC/B) system to supply a small community for the recently planned grand city NEOM in Saudi Arabia. The location of the city of NEOM is characterized by a high average level of solar irradiance. The average daily horizontal solar radiation is around 5.85 kWh/m 2 . A detailed feasibility and techno-economic evaluation of a PV/FC/B hybrid energy system were done to supply a daily load demand of 500 kWh (peak-35 kW). The PV array was the main source to meet the load demand. During the surplus periods, the battery was charged using extra energy and powered the electrolyzer for hydrogen production. The produced hydrogen was stored for later use. During the deficit periods, the FC and/or battery supported the PV array to meet the load demand. Two benchmarks, the cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC), were used to identify the best size of the PV/FC/B system. Variation of the tilt angle of the PV array and the derating factor were considered to determine the effect of the performance of the PV/FC/B system’s COE and NPC. The main findings confirmed that a 200 kW PV array, 40 kW FC, 96 batteries, 50 kW converter, 110 kW electrolyzer, and 50 kg hydrogen tank was the best option to supply the load demand. The values of total NPC and COE were $500,823 and $0.126/kWh. The annual excess energy was very sensitive to the declination angle of the PV array. The minimum annual excess energy was achieved at an angle of 30 degrees. It decreased by 75.7% and by 60.6% compared to a horizontal surface and 50 degrees of declination, respectively. To prove the viability of the proposed system, a comparison with grid extension along with a diesel generation system was carried out.

Suggested Citation

  • Hegazy Rezk & N. Kanagaraj & Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, 2020. "Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel-Cell-Battery System to Supply a Small Community at Saudi NEOM City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:8:p:3341-:d:347954
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    6. Pal, Pikaso & Mukherjee, V., 2021. "Off-grid solar photovoltaic/hydrogen fuel cell system for renewable energy generation: An investigation based on techno-economic feasibility assessment for the application of end-user load demand in N," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    7. Mohammed Kharrich & Salah Kamel & Ali S. Alghamdi & Ahmad Eid & Mohamed I. Mosaad & Mohammed Akherraz & Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, 2021. "Optimal Design of an Isolated Hybrid Microgrid for Enhanced Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources in Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-26, April.

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