IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i6p2452-d334966.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Dahyun Kang

    (Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Tae Yong Jung

    (Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

Abstract

The national electrification rate of North Korea is extremely low and the situation in rural areas is even worse. Thus, this study designs a virtual electrification project for a rural village in North Pyongan and compares an off-grid energy system and on-grid system in terms of net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to define the most cost-effective energy system. Using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER), this study designs two off-grid systems that apply different types of batteries—lead–acid and lithium-ion energy storage systems (ESS)—and determines the NPC and LCOE of the most cost-effective system. Then, it calculates the NPC and LCOE of grid extension by adding necessary costs required for generation, transmission, and distribution. The result shows that the hybrid energy system (HES) of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, lead–acid batteries, and diesel generators is the most cost-effective option for the selected location. The range of breakeven grid-extension distance is from 9.69 km to 20.57 km. The sensitivity analysis based on different discount rates shows that a higher discount rate means a shorter breakeven distance. This analysis suggests that deploying an HES is one way to improve the electrification rate for remote and rural areas in North Korea.

Suggested Citation

  • Dahyun Kang & Tae Yong Jung, 2020. "Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:2452-:d:334966
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/6/2452/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/6/2452/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Chong & Zhou, Dequn & Zheng, Yuan, 2018. "Techno-economic comparative study of grid-connected PV power systems in five climate zones, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1352-1369.
    2. Heetae Kim & Seoin Baek & Kyu Ha Choi & Dojin Kim & Seongmin Lee & Dahill Kim & Hyun Joon Chang, 2016. "Comparative Analysis of On- and Off-Grid Electrification: The Case of Two South Korean Islands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Nasser Yimen & Oumarou Hamandjoda & Lucien Meva’a & Benoit Ndzana & Jean Nganhou, 2018. "Analyzing of a Photovoltaic/Wind/Biogas/Pumped-Hydro Off-Grid Hybrid System for Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa—Case Study of Djoundé in Northern Cameroon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-30, October.
    4. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Yatim, A.H.M. & Tan, Chee Wei & Lau, Kwan Yiew, 2016. "Proposition of a PV/tidal powered micro-hydro and diesel hybrid system: A southern Bangladesh focus," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1137-1148.
    5. Morris Brenna & Federica Foiadelli & Michela Longo & Tamrat Demllie Abegaz, 2016. "Integration and Optimization of Renewables and Storages for Rural Electrification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Tae Yong Jung & Donghun Kim & Jongwoo Moon & SeoKyung Lim, 2018. "A Scenario Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Grid Parity in the Maldives: The Case of Malahini Resort," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-14, November.
    7. Shahzad, M. Kashif & Zahid, Adeem & ur Rashid, Tanzeel & Rehan, Mirza Abdullah & Ali, Muzaffar & Ahmad, Mueen, 2017. "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar-biomass off grid system for the electrification of remote rural areas in Pakistan using HOMER software," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 264-273.
    8. Haghighat Mamaghani, Alireza & Avella Escandon, Sebastian Alberto & Najafi, Behzad & Shirazi, Ali & Rinaldi, Fabio, 2016. "Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic, wind, diesel and hybrid electrification systems for off-grid rural electrification in Colombia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 293-305.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tamjid Shabestari, Sara & Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Vaziri Rad, Mohammad Amin & Forootan Fard, Habib & Yan, Wei-Mon & Pourfayaz, Fathollah, 2022. "Techno-financial evaluation of a hybrid renewable solution for supplying the predicted power outages by machine learning methods in rural areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 1303-1325.
    2. Jann Michael Weinand & Maximilian Hoffmann & Jan Gopfert & Tom Terlouw & Julian Schonau & Patrick Kuckertz & Russell McKenna & Leander Kotzur & Jochen Lin{ss}en & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Global LCOEs of decentralized off-grid renewable energy systems," Papers 2212.12742, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    3. Maksymilian Homa & Anna Pałac & Maciej Żołądek & Rafał Figaj, 2022. "Small-Scale Hybrid and Polygeneration Renewable Energy Systems: Energy Generation and Storage Technologies, Applications, and Analysis Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-52, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Weinand, Jann Michael & Scheller, Fabian & McKenna, Russell, 2020. "Reviewing energy system modelling of decentralized energy autonomy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    2. Ali Saleh Aziz & Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin & Mohd Rafi Adzman & Makbul A. M. Ramli & Saad Mekhilef, 2019. "Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-26, January.
    3. Aziz, Ali Saleh & Tajuddin, Mohammad Faridun Naim & Adzman, Mohd Rafi & Azmi, Azralmukmin & Ramli, Makbul A.M., 2019. "Optimization and sensitivity analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems for rural electrification: A case study of Iraq," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 775-792.
    4. William López-Castrillón & Héctor H. Sepúlveda & Cristian Mattar, 2021. "Off-Grid Hybrid Electrical Generation Systems in Remote Communities: Trends and Characteristics in Sustainability Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-29, May.
    5. Come Zebra, Emília Inês & van der Windt, Henny J. & Nhumaio, Geraldo & Faaij, André P.C., 2021. "A review of hybrid renewable energy systems in mini-grids for off-grid electrification in developing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    6. Jann Michael Weinand & Maximilian Hoffmann & Jan Gopfert & Tom Terlouw & Julian Schonau & Patrick Kuckertz & Russell McKenna & Leander Kotzur & Jochen Lin{ss}en & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Global LCOEs of decentralized off-grid renewable energy systems," Papers 2212.12742, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    7. Li, Chong & Zhou, Dequn & Wang, Hui & Lu, Yuzheng & Li, Dongdong, 2020. "Techno-economic performance study of stand-alone wind/diesel/battery hybrid system with different battery technologies in the cold region of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    8. Aziz, Ali Saleh & Tajuddin, Mohammad Faridun Naim & Adzman, Mohd Rafi & Mohammed, Mohd Fayzul & Ramli, Makbul A.M., 2020. "Feasibility analysis of grid-connected and islanded operation of a solar PV microgrid system: A case study of Iraq," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    9. Abraham Alem Kebede & Maitane Berecibar & Thierry Coosemans & Maarten Messagie & Towfik Jemal & Henok Ayele Behabtu & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2020. "A Techno-Economic Optimization and Performance Assessment of a 10 kW P Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-29, September.
    10. Rad, Mohammad Amin Vaziri & Ghasempour, Roghaye & Rahdan, Parisa & Mousavi, Soroush & Arastounia, Mehrdad, 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid power system based on the cost-effective hydrogen production method for rural electrification, a case study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    11. Abhi Chatterjee & Daniel Burmester & Alan Brent & Ramesh Rayudu, 2019. "Research Insights and Knowledge Headways for Developing Remote, Off-Grid Microgrids in Developing Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    12. Irshad, Ahmad Shah & Ludin, Gul Ahmad & Masrur, Hasan & Ahmadi, Mikaeel & Yona, Atsushi & Mikhaylov, Alexey & Krishnan, Narayanan & Senjyu, Tomonobu, 2023. "Optimization of grid-photovoltaic and battery hybrid system with most technically efficient PV technology after the performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 714-730.
    13. Pascasio, Jethro Daniel A. & Esparcia, Eugene A. & Castro, Michael T. & Ocon, Joey D., 2021. "Comparative assessment of solar photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy systems: A case for Philippine off-grid islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1589-1607.
    14. Kumar, Pankaj & Pal, Nitai & Sharma, Himanshu, 2022. "Optimization and techno-economic analysis of a solar photo-voltaic/biomass/diesel/battery hybrid off-grid power generation system for rural remote electrification in eastern India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    15. Laetitia Uwineza & Hyun-Goo Kim & Jan Kleissl & Chang Ki Kim, 2022. "Technical Control and Optimal Dispatch Strategy for a Hybrid Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.
    16. Ahmad, Tanveer & Zhang, Dongdong, 2021. "Renewable energy integration/techno-economic feasibility analysis, cost/benefit impact on islanded and grid-connected operations: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 83-108.
    17. Akbar Maleki & Marc A. Rosen & Fathollah Pourfayaz, 2017. "Optimal Operation of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Residential Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-20, July.
    18. He, Wei & Tao, Li & Han, Lei & Sun, Yasong & Campana, Pietro Elia & Yan, Jinyue, 2021. "Optimal analysis of a hybrid renewable power system for a remote island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 96-104.
    19. Jamiu Omotayo Oladigbolu & Makbul A. M. Ramli & Yusuf A. Al-Turki, 2019. "Techno-Economic and Sensitivity Analyses for an Optimal Hybrid Power System Which Is Adaptable and Effective for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-25, September.
    20. Li, Jinze & Liu, Pei & Li, Zheng, 2020. "Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind-biomass off-grid hybrid power system for remote rural electrification: A case study of west China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:2452-:d:334966. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.