IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i24p10368-d460577.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Calculating a Drop in Carbon Emissions in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain) from Domestic Shipping Traffic Caused by the COVID-19 Crisis

Author

Listed:
  • Vanessa Durán-Grados

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Yolanda Amado-Sánchez

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Fátima Calderay-Cayetano

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Rubén Rodríguez-Moreno

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Emilio Pájaro-Velázquez

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Antonio Ramírez-Sánchez

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Sofia I. V. Sousa

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Rafael A. O. Nunes

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Maria C. M. Alvim-Ferraz

    (LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Juan Moreno-Gutiérrez

    (Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, College of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
    School of Marine, Nautical and Radioelectronics Engineering, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

Abstract

As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Spanish government declared a State of Emergency, and domestic passenger ship traffic was restricted in Spanish ports. This manuscript presents scenarios of emissions from domestic shipping traffic in the seas of the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain) over three months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emissions were estimated for only 90 days of the pandemic, and two scenarios were studied: emissions while vessels were berthed at the Algeciras Port and emissions as a consequence of the interruption of passenger ship transportation in the Strait of Gibraltar. To this end, the authors’ own model was used, which has near zero uncertainties. This model was used for the first time in this study and takes into account both meteorological and sea condition parameters, as well as the efficiency of the propulsion system. The manuscript concentrates on the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and particulate matter (PM) from six Ro-Pax ships that ceased to operate. The main finding is that as a consequence of the pandemic, reductions of up to 12% were found in the Strait of Gibraltar in all the pollutants and GHGs when taking into account all international traffic, while the decrease in emissions from domestic traffic only reached 51%.

Suggested Citation

  • Vanessa Durán-Grados & Yolanda Amado-Sánchez & Fátima Calderay-Cayetano & Rubén Rodríguez-Moreno & Emilio Pájaro-Velázquez & Antonio Ramírez-Sánchez & Sofia I. V. Sousa & Rafael A. O. Nunes & Maria C., 2020. "Calculating a Drop in Carbon Emissions in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain) from Domestic Shipping Traffic Caused by the COVID-19 Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10368-:d:460577
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10368/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10368/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Moreno-Gutiérrez, Juan & Calderay, Fátima & Saborido, Nieves & Boile, Maria & Rodríguez Valero, Rafael & Durán-Grados, Vanesa, 2015. "Methodologies for estimating shipping emissions and energy consumption: A comparative analysis of current methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 603-616.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Al-Falahi, Monaaf D.A. & Jayasinghe, Shantha D.G. & Enshaei, Hossein, 2019. "Hybrid algorithm for optimal operation of hybrid energy systems in electric ferries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    2. Chi, Hongtao & Pedrielli, Giulia & Ng, Szu Hui & Kister, Thomas & Bressan, Stéphane, 2018. "A framework for real-time monitoring of energy efficiency of marine vessels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 246-260.
    3. Wang, Jinggai & Zhong, Meisu & Wang, Tianni & Ge, Ying-En, 2023. "Identifying industry-related opinions on shore power from a survey in China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 65-81.
    4. María Inmaculada Rodríguez-García & María Gema Carrasco-García & Javier González-Enrique & Juan Jesús Ruiz-Aguilar & Ignacio J. Turias, 2023. "Long Short-Term Memory Approach for Short-Term Air Quality Forecasting in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Morten Simonsen & Hans Jakob Walnum & Stefan Gössling, 2018. "Model for Estimation of Fuel Consumption of Cruise Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-29, April.
    6. Yan, Ran & Wang, Shuaian & Psaraftis, Harilaos N., 2021. "Data analytics for fuel consumption management in maritime transportation: Status and perspectives," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    7. Patrizia Serra & Gianfranco Fancello, 2020. "Towards the IMO’s GHG Goals: A Critical Overview of the Perspectives and Challenges of the Main Options for Decarbonizing International Shipping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-32, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10368-:d:460577. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.