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Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat

Author

Listed:
  • Noshin Ilyas

    (Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Komal Mumtaz

    (Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Nosheen Akhtar

    (Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Humaira Yasmin

    (Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • R. Z. Sayyed

    (Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India)

  • Wajiha Khan

    (Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan)

  • Hesham A. El Enshasy

    (Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
    School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
    City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt)

  • Daniel J. Dailin

    (Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
    School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia)

  • Elsayed A. Elsayed

    (Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Zeshan Ali

    (Plant Physiology Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan)

Abstract

This research was designed to elucidate the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing bacterial strains for the amelioration of drought stress in wheat. Bacterial strains were isolated from a farmer’s field in the arid region of Pakistan. Out of 24 isolated stains, two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis (Accession No. MT742976) and Azospirillum brasilense (Accession No. MT742977) were selected, based on their ability to produce EPS and withstand drought stress. Both bacterial strains produced a good amount of EPS and osmolytes and exhibited drought tolerance individually, however, a combination of these strains produced higher amounts of EPS (sugar 6976 µg/g, 731.5 µg/g protein, and 1.1 mg/g uronic acid) and osmolytes (proline 4.4 µg/mg and sugar 79 µg/mg) and significantly changed the level of stress-induced phytohormones (61%, 49% and 30% decrease in Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA), and Cytokinin (CK)) respectively under stress, but an increase of 27.3% in Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was observed. When inoculated, the combination of these strains improved seed germination, seedling vigor index, and promptness index by 18.2%, 23.7%, and 61.5% respectively under osmotic stress (20% polyethylene glycol, PEG6000). They also promoted plant growth in a pot experiment with an increase of 42.9%, 29.8%, and 33.7% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively. Physiological attributes of plants were also improved by bacterial inoculation showing an increase of 39.8%, 61.5%, and 45% in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content respectively, as compared to control. Inoculations of bacterial strains also increased the production of osmolytes such asproline, amino acid, sugar, and protein by 30%, 23%, 68%, and 21.7% respectively. Co-inoculation of these strains enhanced the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 35.1%, catalase (CAT) by 77.4%, and peroxidase (POD) by 40.7%. Findings of the present research demonstrated that EPS, osmolyte, stress hormones, and antioxidant enzyme-producing bacterial strains impart drought tolerance in wheat and improve its growth, morphological attributes, physiological parameters, osmolytes production, and increase antioxidant enzymes.

Suggested Citation

  • Noshin Ilyas & Komal Mumtaz & Nosheen Akhtar & Humaira Yasmin & R. Z. Sayyed & Wajiha Khan & Hesham A. El Enshasy & Daniel J. Dailin & Elsayed A. Elsayed & Zeshan Ali, 2020. "Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:21:p:8876-:d:435107
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ismail & Muhammad Hamayun & Anwar Hussain & Amjad Iqbal & Sumera Afzal Khan & Ayaz Ahmad & Sarah Gul & Ho-Youn Kim & In-Jung Lee, 2021. "Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Anirban Basu & Priyanka Prasad & Subha Narayan Das & Sadaf Kalam & R. Z. Sayyed & M. S. Reddy & Hesham El Enshasy, 2021. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Green Bioinoculants: Recent Developments, Constraints, and Prospects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Nasser Al-Suhaibani & Mostafa Selim & Ali Alderfasi & Salah El-Hendawy, 2021. "Integrated Application of Composted Agricultural Wastes, Chemical Fertilizers and Biofertilizers as an Avenue to Promote Growth, Yield and Quality of Maize in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-26, July.
    4. Shaista Nosheen & Iqra Ajmal & Yuanda Song, 2021. "Microbes as Biofertilizers, a Potential Approach for Sustainable Crop Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Arkadiusz Artyszak & Dariusz Gozdowski, 2021. "Is It Possible to Maintain the Quantity and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain by Replacing Part of the Mineral Nitrogen Dose by Growth Activators and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, May.
    6. Rahul Kumar & Prashant Swapnil & Mukesh Meena & Shweta Selpair & Bal Govind Yadav, 2022. "Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Approaches to Alleviate Abiotic Stresses for Enhancement of Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, November.

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