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Validation of the Smart City as a Sustainable Development Knowledge Tool: The Challenge of Using Technologies in Education during COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez

    (Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain)

  • Mónica Luque-Suárez

    (Department of Sociology, Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain)

  • Soraya Mohamed-Mohamed

    (Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain)

  • Jesús Manuel Cuevas-Rincón

    (Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain)

Abstract

The objective of this research was to design and validate a questionnaire for teachers on the knowledge and use of smart city concepts and their usefulness in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a sustainable approach at different educational levels. It is important to analyze the use of online education based on the construction of intelligent learning environments, which favor the interaction between the environment and the student. With a quasi-experimental methodology, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM), and the model was adjusted through a multivariate regression analysis to relate response patterns to a set of latent factors that cannot be directly observed, but exist in continuous dimensions of the people evaluated, and to create a valid and reliable instrument as a measurement tool using a sample of n = 973 subjects. The sample distribution consisted of 22.36% primary school teachers, 59.01% high school teachers, and 18.56% university teachers. The results showed a high reliability and construct validity through two models, and adjustment of the original model produced better goodness-of-fit parameters. We conclude that the designed questionnaire is a useful and valid tool for understanding how teachers have approached online teaching during the pandemic and their knowledge and use of Smart City concepts.

Suggested Citation

  • María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez & Mónica Luque-Suárez & Soraya Mohamed-Mohamed & Jesús Manuel Cuevas-Rincón, 2020. "Validation of the Smart City as a Sustainable Development Knowledge Tool: The Challenge of Using Technologies in Education during COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:20:p:8384-:d:426706
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez & Mónica Luque Suárez & Concetta Ferrara & Eva María Olmedo-Moreno, 2020. "Quality of Higher Education through the Pursuit of Satisfaction with a Focus on Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Robert G. Hollands, 2008. "Will the real smart city please stand up?," City, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 303-320, December.
    3. Armenia Androniceanu & Irina-Virginia Drăgulănescu, 2012. "Sustainability of the Organizational Changes in the Context of Global Economic Crisis," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 14(32), pages 365-379, June.
    4. Virginia Gewin, 2020. "Five tips for moving teaching online as COVID-19 takes hold," Nature, Nature, vol. 580(7802), pages 295-296, April.
    5. José Luis Carrasco-Sáez & Marcelo Careaga Butter & María Graciela Badilla-Quintana, 2017. "The New Pyramid of Needs for the Digital Citizen: A Transition towards Smart Human Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Jesse M. Shapiro, 2003. "Smart Cities: Explaining the Relationship between City Growth and Human Capital," Urban/Regional 0309001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zheng Xu & Nan Zheng, 2020. "Incorporating Virtual Reality Technology in Safety Training Solution for Construction Site of Urban Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.

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