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LED Lighting Installations in Professional Stadiums: Energy Efficiency, Visual Comfort, and Requirements of 4K TV Broadcast

Author

Listed:
  • Rami David Orejón-Sánchez

    (Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, Universidad of Málaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain)

  • Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez

    (Department of Graphic Engineering Design and Projects, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain)

  • Alfonso Gago-Calderón

    (Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Projects, Universidad of Málaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain)

Abstract

Nowadays, LED lighting technology reaches a higher Value of Energy Efficiency in Installations (VEEI) (W/m2*100 lux) than current luminaire lighting due to the number of lumens per watt that these are able to generate, as well as the directional nature of their emissions together with the adjustment capability through concentrator lenses with beam graduations that reach 5º. This achieves energy savings of up to 80%. Furthermore, also considering the substantial decrease in flickers, and that it noticeably improves usage of ultra-slow-motion cameras and the fading of switching-on or rearm times upon failure, LED technology stands out as the main solution for illumination of professional sports facilities. This article describes the evolution of regulatory requirements that are being imposed by the governing institutions of sports (FIFA, UEFA, FIBA, etc.) and professional leagues (LaLiga, Euroliga, etc.) in order to guarantee their competence as high-quality television products. In addition, the trends in requirements and specifications regarding lighting equipment and its installation, which are intended to convert stadiums into optimized centers for the celebration and dissemination of mass events, are analyzed (settings, photometry, etc.), particularly those concerning horizontal, vertical, and camera illuminance, average and extreme uniformities, glare, reduction of intrusive light in bleachers, flickers, color rendering index (CRI), correlated color temperature (CCT), and start-up times.

Suggested Citation

  • Rami David Orejón-Sánchez & Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez & Alfonso Gago-Calderón, 2020. "LED Lighting Installations in Professional Stadiums: Energy Efficiency, Visual Comfort, and Requirements of 4K TV Broadcast," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:18:p:7684-:d:414910
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michal Kucharski & Sebastian Kot, 2017. "Cost of recognisability of a sponsor’s brand achieved through TV broadcasts," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 8(3), pages 447-461, September.
    2. Pode, Ramchandra, 2020. "Organic light emitting diode devices: An energy efficient solid state lighting for applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    3. Alfonso Gago-Calderón & Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez & Jose Ramon De Andres-Diaz & Guillermo Redrado-Salvatierra, 2018. "Evaluation of Uniformity and Glare Improvement with Low Energy Efficiency Losses in Street Lighting LED Luminaires Using Laser-Sintered Polyamide-Based Diffuse Covers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Salvatore Musumeci & Radu Bojoi & Eric Armando & Stefano Borlo & Fabio Mandrile, 2020. "Three-Legs Interleaved Boost Power Factor Corrector for High-Power LED Lighting Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rami David Orejon-Sanchez & Jose Ramon Andres-Diaz & Alfonso Gago-Calderon, 2021. "Autonomous Photovoltaic LED Urban Street Lighting: Technical, Economic, and Social Viability Analysis Based on a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.

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