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Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

Author

Listed:
  • Ihsan Elahi Zaheer

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shafaqat Ali

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

  • Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

    (MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Iqra Noor

    (Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology–Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forest Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Mohamed A. El-Esawi

    (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt)

  • Kashif Hayat

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Muhammad Rizwan

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Zohaib Abbas

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Mohamed A. El-Sheikh

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Leonard Wijaya

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino chelates on reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants was recently introduced. In the current experiment, the exogenous application of micronutrients [iron (Fe)] chelated with amino acid [lysine (lys)] was examined, using an in vivo approach that involved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments and gaseous exchange parameters, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant response. The uptake and accumulation of Fe and Cr were determined under different levels of tannery wastewater (33, 66, 100%) used along with the exogenous supplementation of Fe-lys (5 mM) to Spinacia oleracea plants. Results revealed that tannery wastewater in the soil decreased plant growth and growth-related attributes, photosynthetic apparatus and Fe contents in different parts of the plants. In contrast, the addition of different levels of tannery wastewater to the soil significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and electrolyte leakage (EL), which induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of S . oleracea plants. However, S . oleracea plants increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which scavenge the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cr toxicity can be overcome by the supplementation of Fe-lys, which significantly increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic machinery and increased the activities of different antioxidative enzymes, even in the plants grown under different levels of tannery wastewater in the soil. Furthermore, the supplementation of Fe-lys increased the contents of essential nutrients (Fe) and decreased the contents of Cr in all plant parts compared to the plants cultivated in tannery wastewater without application of Fe-lys. In conclusion, the application of Fe-lys is an innovative approach to mitigate Cr stress in spinach plants, which not only increased plant growth and biomass but also decreased the Cr contents in different plant organs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ihsan Elahi Zaheer & Shafaqat Ali & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Iqra Noor & Mohamed A. El-Esawi & Kashif Hayat & Muhammad Rizwan & Zohaib Abbas & Mohamed A. El-Sheikh & Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni & Leonard, 2020. "Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6690-:d:400702
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Abdihakim Osman Heile & Qamar uz Zaman & Zubair Aslam & Afzal Hussain & Mustansar Aslam & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Muyassar H. Abualreesh & Aishah Alatawi & Shafaqat Ali, 2021. "Alleviation of Cadmium Phytotoxicity Using Silicon Fertilization in Wheat by Altering Antioxidant Metabolism and Osmotic Adjustment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Muhammad Adeel Ghafar & Nudrat Aisha Akram & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Jianyong Wang & Leonard Wijaya & Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, 2021. "Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Muhammad Awais Ghani & Muhammad Mehran Abbas & Basharat Ali & Rukhsanda Aziz & Rashad Waseem Khan Qadri & Anam Noor & Muhammad Azam & Saleem Bahzad & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Muyassar H. Abualreesh & , 2021. "Alleviating Role of Gibberellic Acid in Enhancing Plant Growth and Stimulating Phenolic Compounds in Carrot ( Daucus carota L.) under Lead Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-13, November.
    4. Ghulam Murtaza & Umair Riaz & Humera Aziz & Nabila Shaheen & Muhammad Irfan Sohail & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Muyassar H. Abualreesh & Aishah Alatawi & Shafaqat Ali, 2021. "Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) at Different Application Levels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
    5. Aishah Alatawi & Xiukang Wang & Arosha Maqbool & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Kamal Usman & Muhammad Rizwan & Tahira Yasmeen & Muhammad Saleem Arif & Shamaila Noreen & Afzal Hussain & Shafaqat Ali, 2022. "S-Fertilizer (Elemental Sulfur) Improves the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-19, January.

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