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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Multiple Liquid Laundry Detergent Packaging Formats

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  • Saewhan Kim

    (School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Jonghun Park

    (School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

Abstract

The emerging packaging industry trend of focusing on packaging sustainability is also occurring in the laundry detergent industry. This study presents a cradle-to-grave comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of three different packaging systems for liquid laundry detergent: the conventional pourable bottle, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container with pods, and flexible pouch with pods. The scope of this study included material production, intermediate processes, transportation, and end-of-life phases of each packaging system. The results showed that the conventional pourable bottle made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has less environmental impact than the other two packaging systems in all impact categories, except ecotoxicity, due to the higher amount of packaging material required to produce the pods. The rigid PET container with pods impacted the environment in all categories more than the multi-layered flexible pouch containing pods, due primarily to the amount of material production, heavier weight, and intermediate processing using injection molding.

Suggested Citation

  • Saewhan Kim & Jonghun Park, 2020. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Multiple Liquid Laundry Detergent Packaging Formats," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:11:p:4669-:d:368615
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Piera Centobelli & Roberto Cerchione & Emilio Esposito, 2018. "Environmental Sustainability and Energy-Efficient Supply Chain Management: A Review of Research Trends and Proposed Guidelines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-36, January.
    2. Annick Anctil & Vasilis Fthenakis, 2012. "Life Cycle Assessment of Organic Photovoltaics," Chapters, in: Vasilis Fthenakis (ed.), Third Generation Photovoltaics, IntechOpen.
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