IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i10p4062-d358613.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Modular Approach for Steel Reinforcing of 3D Printed Concrete—Preliminary Study

Author

Listed:
  • Joseph J. Assaad

    (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, Al Kourah PO Box 100, Lebanon)

  • Abdallah Abou Yassin

    (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut PO Box 1107 2020, Lebanon)

  • Fatima Alsakka

    (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada)

  • Farook Hamzeh

    (Hole School of Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada)

Abstract

3D concrete printing technology has considerably progressed in terms of material proportioning and properties; however, it still suffers from the difficulty of incorporating steel reinforcement for structural applications. This paper aims at developing a modular approach capable of manufacturing 3D printed beam and column members reinforced with conventional steel bars. The cubic-shaped printed modules had 240 mm sides, possessing four holes on the corners for subsequent insertion of flexural steel and grouting operations. The transverse steel (i.e., stirrups) was manually incorporated during the printing process. The reinforced 3D printed beams were built by joining the various modules using high-strength epoxy resins. Test results showed that the compressive and flexural strengths of plain (i.e., unreinforced) 3D printed specimens are higher than traditionally cast-in-place (CIP) ones, which was mostly attributed to the injected high-strength grout that densifies the matrix and hinders the ease of crack propagation during loading. The flexural moment capacity of 3D reinforced printed beams were fairly close to the ACI 318-19 code provisions; however, about 22% lower than companion CIP members. The reduction in peak loads was attributed to the modular approach used to construct the 3D members, which might alter the fundamentals and concepts of reinforced concrete design, including the transfer and redistribution of stresses at ultimate loading conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph J. Assaad & Abdallah Abou Yassin & Fatima Alsakka & Farook Hamzeh, 2020. "A Modular Approach for Steel Reinforcing of 3D Printed Concrete—Preliminary Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:4062-:d:358613
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/10/4062/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/10/4062/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Behrokh Khoshnevis & Dooil Hwang & Ke-Thia Yao & Zhenghao Yeh, 2006. "Mega-scale fabrication by Contour Crafting," International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 1(3), pages 301-320.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammad Reza Khosravani & Azadeh Haghighi, 2022. "Large-Scale Automated Additive Construction: Overview, Robotic Solutions, Sustainability, and Future Prospect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-30, August.
    2. Maria Kaszyńska & Szymon Skibicki & Marcin Hoffmann, 2020. "3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-28, December.
    3. Minsu Cha & Chang-Won Kim & Taehee Lee & Baek-Joong Kim & Hunhee Cho & Taehoon Kim & Hyunsu Lim, 2022. "An Optimal Layout Model of Curved Panels for Using 3D Printing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Robert Guamán Rivera & Rodrigo García Alvarado & Alejandro Martínez-Rocamora & Fernando Auat Cheein, 2020. "A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Different Mobile Manipulators Used as Displaceable 3D Printers of Building Elements for the Construction Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Zhanzhao Li & Maryam Hojati & Zhengyu Wu & Jonathon Piasente & Negar Ashrafi & José P. Duarte & Shadi Nazarian & Sven G. Bilén & Ali M. Memari & Aleksandra Radlińska, 2020. "Fresh and Hardened Properties of Extrusion-Based 3D-Printed Cementitious Materials: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-34, July.
    6. Stelladriana Volpe & Valentino Sangiorgio & Andrea Petrella & Armando Coppola & Michele Notarnicola & Francesco Fiorito, 2021. "Building Envelope Prefabricated with 3D Printing Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-13, August.
    7. João Teixeira & Cecília Ogliari Schaefer & Lino Maia & Bárbara Rangel & Rui Neto & Jorge Lino Alves, 2022. "Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Fresh Properties of 3D Printable Materials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-9, March.
    8. Ana S. Guimarães & João M. P. Q. Delgado & Sandra S. Lucas, 2021. "Advanced Manufacturing in Civil Engineering," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-14, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:4062-:d:358613. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.