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The Influence of Alkalization and Temperature on Ammonia Recovery from Cow Manure and the Chemical Properties of the Effluents

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  • Ahmed Mohammed-Nour

    (Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Soil and Water Research Centre, Agricultural Research Corporation, P. O. POX 126, Wad-Medani, Gezira State 21111, Sudan)

  • Mohamed Al-Sewailem

    (Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed H. El-Naggar

    (Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Sustainable Natural Resources Management Section, International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai 14660, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt)

Abstract

Manure is a substantial source of ammonia volatilization into the atmosphere before and after soil application. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature and alkalization treatments on the release of ammonia and ammonia recovery (AR) from cow manure and to characterize the chemical properties of the resultant effluents. In a closed glass reactor, 100 g of fresh cow manure was mixed with 100 mL of deionized water and the mixture was treated with various volume of KOH to increase the manure pH to 7, 9, and 12. Ammonia was distilled from the mixture at temperatures of 75, 85, 95, and 100 °C for a maximum of 5 h. Ammonia was received as diluted boric and sulfuric acids. Results indicated that the highest ammonia recovery was 86.3% and 90.2%, which were achieved at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 100 and 95 °C, respectively. The recovered ammonia in boric acid was higher than in sulfuric acid, except at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 95 and 100 °C. The effluents, after ammonia was removed, showed that the variation in pH ranged between 6.30 and 9.38. The electrical conductivity ranged between 4.5 and 9. (dS m −1 ) and total potassium ranged between 9.4 and 57.2 mg kg −1 .

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Mohammed-Nour & Mohamed Al-Sewailem & Ahmed H. El-Naggar, 2019. "The Influence of Alkalization and Temperature on Ammonia Recovery from Cow Manure and the Chemical Properties of the Effluents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:8:p:2441-:d:225724
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tongwane, Mphethe Isaac & Moeletsi, Mokhele Edmond, 2018. "A review of greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector in Africa," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 124-134.
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