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Cross-Scale Water and Land Impacts of Local Climate and Energy Policy—A Local Swedish Analysis of Selected SDG Interactions

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  • Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström

    (Division of Energy Systems Analysis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Georgia Destouni

    (Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Mark Howells

    (Division of Energy Systems Analysis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Vivek Ramaswamy

    (Division of Energy Systems Analysis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Holger Rogner

    (Division of Energy Systems Analysis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
    International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria)

  • Morgan Bazilian

    (Division of Energy Systems Analysis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

This paper analyses how local energy and climate actions can affect the use of water and land resources locally, nationally and globally. Each of these resource systems is linked to different Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); we also explore related SDG interactions. A municipality in Sweden with the ambition of phasing out fossil fuels by year 2030 is used as illustrative case example. The local energy system is modelled in detail and indirect water and land requirements are quantified for three stylised decarbonisation scenarios of pathways to meeting climate and energy requirements (related to SDG13 and SDG7, respectively). Total local, national and global implications are addressed for the use of water and land resources, which relate to SDG6 for water, and SDG2 and SDG15 for land use. We find that the magnitude and location of water and land impacts are largely pathway-dependent. Some scenarios of low carbon energy may impede progress on SDG15, while others may compromise SDG6. Data for the studied resource uses are incoherently reported and have important gaps. As a consequence, the study results are indicative and subject to uncertainty. Still, they highlight the need to recognise that resource use changes targeting one SDG in one locality have local and non-local impacts that may compromise progress other SDGs locally and/or elsewhere in the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström & Georgia Destouni & Mark Howells & Vivek Ramaswamy & Holger Rogner & Morgan Bazilian, 2019. "Cross-Scale Water and Land Impacts of Local Climate and Energy Policy—A Local Swedish Analysis of Selected SDG Interactions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-28, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:1847-:d:217609
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