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Vegetation Degradation and Its Driving Factors in the Farming–Pastoral Ecotone over the Countries along Belt and Road Initiative

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  • Qionghuan Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Xiuhong Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yili Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Huamin Zhang

    (School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330027, China)

  • Lanhui Li

    (Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract

To adhere to the green growth strategy, it is urgently needed to identify the vegetation degradation zone in the farming–pastoral ecotone (FPE) over the countries along the “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)”. In this study, we monitored vegetation degradation and analyzed climatic factors and anthropogenic contributions on vegetation change in the FPE during 2000–2016 using the growing season annual accumulative normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIaccu) and climatic variables. The Theil-Sen’s trend results revealed that 74.11% of NDVIaccu in FPEs showed a significant increasing trend for the period 2000–2016, only 1.64% of NDVIaccu were significantly decreasing. However, we detected that 21.29% degradation of NDVIaccu had occurred based on enhanced Theil-Sen and Mann-Kendall (ETheil-Sen-MK) method. Spatial statistics for significant correlations between climatic variables and NDVIaccu showed that precipitation was positively correlated with NDVIaccu; yet, the relationship between NDVIaccu and temperature was more complex, which was closely related to the intensity of increasing in temperature. Importantly, this study found that anthropogenic contributions dominated the trends in NDVIaccu over the FPE. The findings suggested that agricultural activities play a mainly positive role in overall vegetation vigor. However, continually increasing disturbance by livestock grazing risks further vegetation degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Qionghuan Liu & Xiuhong Wang & Yili Zhang & Huamin Zhang & Lanhui Li, 2019. "Vegetation Degradation and Its Driving Factors in the Farming–Pastoral Ecotone over the Countries along Belt and Road Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:1590-:d:214285
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jochem Marotzke & Piers M. Forster, 2015. "Forcing, feedback and internal variability in global temperature trends," Nature, Nature, vol. 517(7536), pages 565-570, January.
    2. Shi, Wenjiao & Liu, Yiting & Shi, Xiaoli, 2018. "Contributions of climate change to the boundary shifts in the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China since 1970," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 16-27.
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    1. Zhe Cheng & Anni Tang & Jianming Cai & Tao Song, 2022. "Exploring the High-Quality County-Level Development and Governance Response for Farming–Pastoral Ecotone in China: A Case Study of Kulun," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Xue Wu & Xiaomin Sun & Zhaofeng Wang & Yili Zhang & Qionghuan Liu & Binghua Zhang & Basanta Paudel & Fangdi Xie, 2020. "Vegetation Changes and Their Response to Global Change Based on NDVI in the Koshi River Basin of Central Himalayas Since 2000," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-15, August.

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