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The Uses of Reconstructing Heritage in China: Tourism, Heritage Authorization, and Spatial Transformation of the Shaolin Temple

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  • Xiaoyan Su

    (State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, China
    Central Plains Economic Zone Smart Tourism Cooperative Innovation Center in Henan Province, School of Land and Tourism, Luoyang Normal University, 6#Jiqing RD, Yibin District, Luoyang 471934, China)

  • Changqing Song

    (State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Gary Sigley

    (Central Plains Economic Zone Smart Tourism Cooperative Innovation Center in Henan Province, School of Land and Tourism, Luoyang Normal University, 6#Jiqing RD, Yibin District, Luoyang 471934, China)

Abstract

Recently, debates on authenticity in the West and China have attracted attention of critical heritage studies. This paper aims to better understand how Western Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD) influences local heritage practice in China. This paper employs observation, semi-structured interviews and textual analysis to examine how authenticity criteria in Western AHD has shaped perceptions on the spatial consequences of what is “authentic” by different agents in regards to the cultural heritage of the Shaolin Temple. It is argued that the implementation of authenticity criteria found in Western AHD influences Shaolin heritage practice both in hegemonic and negotiated ways, in which a Chinese AHD is formed through the creation of a Western AHD with Chinese characteristics. The understandings on authenticity criteria derived from Western AHD by Chinese heritage experts dominates Shaolin heritage practice, whilst the perceptions on “authentic” Shaolin Temple cultural heritage attached closely to their emotions and experiences by local residents are neglected and excluded. The religiously based authenticity claims of the Shaolin monks which competes with those of the heritage experts and local residents are also considered. Furthermore, the managerial structure was changed in 2010 from a government-directed institution to a joint-venture partnership. The impacts of these managerial changes are also considered. The final outcome of these competing heritage claims was that local residents were relocated far from their original community. Without the residential community in situ, and in conjunction with the further commercialization of local culture, the Shaolin Temple heritage site takes on the features of a pseudo-classic theme park.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoyan Su & Changqing Song & Gary Sigley, 2019. "The Uses of Reconstructing Heritage in China: Tourism, Heritage Authorization, and Spatial Transformation of the Shaolin Temple," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:411-:d:197737
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaoyan Su, 2018. "Reconstructing Tradition: Heritage Authentication and Tourism-Related Commodification of the Ancient City of Pingyao," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emanuele Giorgi & Tiziano Cattaneo & Minqing Ni & Renata Enríquez Alatriste, 2020. "Sustainability and Effectiveness of Chinese Outline for National Tourism and Leisure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-30, February.
    2. Stefania Skowron-Markowska & Marta Nowakowska, 2021. "Chinese Destinations Related to Martial Arts Tourism from the UNESCO Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Urmi Sengupta, 2023. "Geopolitical priorities, governance gaps, and heritage subjectivities: The perils of heritage-making in the post-disaster reconstruction in Nepal," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 41(3), pages 523-547, May.
    4. Xiaoyan Su & Gary Gordon Sigley & Changqing Song, 2020. "Relational Authenticity and Reconstructed Heritage Space: A Balance of Heritage Preservation, Tourism, and Urban Renewal in Luoyang Silk Road Dingding Gate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Tonghao Zhang & Ping Yin & Yuanxiang Peng, 2021. "Effect of Commercialization on Tourists’ Perceived Authenticity and Satisfaction in the Cultural Heritage Tourism Context: Case Study of Langzhong Ancient City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.

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