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Influence of Solar Reflectance and Renewable Energies on Residential Heating and Cooling Demand in Sustainable Architecture: A Case Study in Different Climate Zones in Spain Considering Their Urban Contexts

Author

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  • Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin

    (Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain)

  • José-Manuel del-Río

    (Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain)

  • Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano

    (Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

In this research work, energy simulation was used as a forecasting tool in architectural design. It includes the study of a multi-family residential building in five different climate zones of Spain, i.e., A4 (very hot climate zones), B4 (hot climate zones), C4 (moderate climate zones), D3 (cold climate zones), and E1 (very cold climate zones). The authors accomplished a sensitivity analysis in order to identify the influence of passive strategies (i.e., with regard to solar reflectance) and renewable energy (i.e., with regard to aerothermal energy) on indoor temperatures and energy demands. The increment in indoor temperatures depends on the neighboring buildings so that effect of urban contexts as a source of protection against sunlight is also considered. The increment in the albedo (i.e., the solar reflectance) of the façade during the winter period produces little differences in indoor operative temperatures. On the contrary, during the summer period, it produces large temperature differences. Therefore, it is shown that colors significantly reduce temperatures from 1.24 to 3.04 °C, which means considerable annual energy savings. This research demonstrates that solar reflectance can reduce the air indoor operative temperature down to 4.16 °C during the month of May in the coldest climate zones. As a result of the simulations, it is noted that the coldest climate zones are influenced to a greater extent by the inclusion of their urban contexts in the simulations. However, the heating demand, without considering it, becomes lower. Therefore, ignoring the urban context produces important errors in the heating analysis (12.2% in the coldest climate zones) and also in the cooling analysis (39% in the hottest climate zones). Finally, the use of renewable energy in the configuration of a model with a high urban canyon (Hc), as well as with an east–west building orientation and a low albedo produces a difference of around 76% in the cooling costs within the hottest climate zones and around 73% in the heating costs within the coldest climate zones. The results of this study can be applied as a guideline in early architectural design.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin & José-Manuel del-Río & Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, 2019. "Influence of Solar Reflectance and Renewable Energies on Residential Heating and Cooling Demand in Sustainable Architecture: A Case Study in Different Climate Zones in Spain Considering Their Urban Co," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-31, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:23:p:6782-:d:292295
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin & José-Manuel del-Río & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, 2020. "The Relationship between the Use of Building Performance Simulation Tools by Recent Graduate Architects and the Deficiencies in Architectural Education," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Michele Roccotelli & Alessandro Rinaldi & Maria Pia Fanti & Francesco Iannone, 2020. "Building Energy Management for Passive Cooling Based on Stochastic Occupants Behavior Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, December.
    3. Yanxia Li & Chao Wang & Sijie Zhu & Junyan Yang & Shen Wei & Xinkai Zhang & Xing Shi, 2020. "A Comparison of Various Bottom-Up Urban Energy Simulation Methods Using a Case Study in Hangzhou, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Ikram Merini & Angel Molina-García & M. Socorro García-Cascales & Mustapha Mahdaoui & Mohamed Ahachad, 2020. "Analysis and Comparison of Energy Efficiency Code Requirements for Buildings: A Morocco–Spain Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    5. Miguel Ángel Sanjuán & Ángel Morales & Aniceto Zaragoza, 2021. "Effect of Precast Concrete Pavement Albedo on the Climate Change Mitigation in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-13, October.
    6. Hye-Ryeong Nam & Seo-Hoon Kim & Seol-Yee Han & Sung-Jin Lee & Won-Hwa Hong & Jong-Hun Kim, 2020. "Statistical Methodology for the Definition of Standard Model for Energy Analysis of Residential Buildings in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.
    7. Belen Moreno Santamaria & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Danielle Pinette & Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria & Juan A. Hernandez Ramos, 2020. "Industrialization and Thermal Performance of a New Unitized Water Flow Glazing Facade," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.

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