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A Sustainability Assessment of Bioethanol (EtOH) Production: The Case of Cassava in Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Pabon-Pereira

    (Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7910000, Chile)

  • Maja Slingerland

    (Plant Production Systems group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Sanna Hogervorst

    (Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Jules van Lier

    (Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Rudy Rabbinge

    (Sustainable Development & Food Security, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This paper shows how system design determines sustainability outcomes of cassava bioethanol production in Colombia. The recovery of the energy contained in by-products is recommended as compared to single product production. In particular, this study assesses the energy, greenhouse gases, water, and land use performance of alternative cassava cascades working at different scales, highlighting the implications of including anaerobic digestion technology in the chain. The centralized systems showed a poorer energy and greenhouse gases performance as compared to decentralized ones in part due to the artificial drying of cassava chips in the centralized facility. Under solar drying of cassava chips, systems with anaerobic digestion produced three to five times more energy than demanded and produced greenhouse gas savings of 0.3 kgCO 2eq L EtOH −1 . The water balance output depends upon the water reuse within the ethanol industry, which demands 21–23 L EtOH −1 . In the anaerobic digestion scenarios, assuming liquid flows are treated separately, complete water recovery is feasible. Land use for cassava cultivation was calculated to be 0.27–0.35 ha tEtOH −1 . The energy and water content of the material to digest, the options for digestate reuse, and the recovery of the methane produced are major considerations substantially influencing the role of anaerobic digestion within cassava cascade configurations.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Pabon-Pereira & Maja Slingerland & Sanna Hogervorst & Jules van Lier & Rudy Rabbinge, 2019. "A Sustainability Assessment of Bioethanol (EtOH) Production: The Case of Cassava in Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-23, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:14:p:3968-:d:250517
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Niven, Robert K., 2005. "Ethanol in gasoline: environmental impacts and sustainability review article," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 9(6), pages 535-555, December.
    3. Howeler, R. H., 2001. "Nutrient inputs and losses in cassava-based cropping systems: examples from Vietnam and Thailand," Conference Papers h036287, International Water Management Institute.
    4. Nguyen, Thu Lan Thi & Gheewala, Shabbir H. & Garivait, Savitri, 2007. "Energy balance and GHG-abatement cost of cassava utilization for fuel ethanol in Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 4585-4596, September.
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