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Urban Expansion in Ethiopia from 1987 to 2017: Characteristics, Spatial Patterns, and Driving Forces

Author

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  • Berhanu Keno Terfa

    (State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Nengcheng Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Dandan Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Xiang Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Dev Niyogi

    (Department of Agronomy-Crops, Soils, Environmental Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
    Department of Agronomy of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

Abstract

Rapid urban growth in major cities of a country poses challenges for sustainable development. Particularly in Africa, the process of rapid urbanization is little understood and research is mostly limited to single cities. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the growth and spatial patterns of urban development in the three major cities of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Adama, and Hawassa) from 1987 to 2017. Also, the applicability of diffusion and coalescence theory on the evolution of these cities has been tested. Remote sensing and GIS technologies were combined with spatial metrics and morphological analysis was employed to undertake this study. The result revealed that all the studied cities experienced accelerated growth in the urbanized areas, but the cities with a larger initial urbanized size were associated with lower expansion rates. Differences in extent and direction of expansion in each city were mostly related to physical features, urban master plans, and policies, with an increase in the irregularity and dispersion of urban growth, representing strong evidence of urban sprawl. The spatiotemporal analysis confirmed that the urbanization processes of Addis Ababa and Adama were consistent and Hawassa city diverged from expectations based on diffusion and coalescence theory. In general, large cities with strong economic growth in a country fail to effectively control the scattered nature of urban growth, thus requiring aggressive policy intervention. The approach used in this study permits a deeper exploration of urban development patterns and the identification of priority areas for effective urban planning and management.

Suggested Citation

  • Berhanu Keno Terfa & Nengcheng Chen & Dandan Liu & Xiang Zhang & Dev Niyogi, 2019. "Urban Expansion in Ethiopia from 1987 to 2017: Characteristics, Spatial Patterns, and Driving Forces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2973-:d:234115
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    5. Azunre, Gideon Abagna & Amponsah, Owusu & Takyi, Stephen Appiah & Mensah, Henry & Braimah, Imoro, 2022. "Urban informalities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A solution for or barrier against sustainable city development," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    6. Yangyang Gu & Xuning Qiao & Mengjia Xu & Changxin Zou & Dong Liu & Dan Wu & Yan Wang, 2019. "Assessing the Impacts of Urban Expansion on Bundles of Ecosystem Services by Dmsp-Ols Nighttime Light Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, October.
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    8. Berhanu Keno Terfa & Nengcheng Chen & Xiang Zhang & Dev Niyogi, 2020. "Urbanization in Small Cities and Their Significant Implications on Landscape Structures: The Case in Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Eric L. Bullock & Sean P. Healey & Zhiqiang Yang & Phoebe Oduor & Noel Gorelick & Steve Omondi & Edward Ouko & Warren B. Cohen, 2021. "Three Decades of Land Cover Change in East Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, February.
    10. Zhichao Li & Helen Gurgel & Minmin Li & Nadine Dessay & Peng Gong, 2022. "Urban Land Expansion from Scratch to Urban Agglomeration in the Federal District of Brazil in the Past 60 Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-19, January.
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