IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i10p2958-d233935.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Competition and Sustainability Development of a Multi-Airport Region: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

Author

Listed:
  • Wang Liao

    (School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

  • Xiaoshu Cao

    (School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

  • Shengchao Li

    (School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

Abstract

A new era in the development of multi-airport regions (MARs) has been in China, especially in the construction of global urban areas such as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). In order to better understand competition and provide significant advice to support sustainable development of Chinese MARs, this paper takes the GBA-MAR as an example, and then explores the competition between airports in this multi-airport region based on route level and its impact on passenger airport choice using three liner models. According to our findings, competition is concentrated on a few air routes in the Northeast–East Coastal region and the Asia-Pacific region, in which all three airports operate. Although the domestic market of the GBA-MAR has been relatively mature, the international air transport market is still left with considerable room, which is also reflected in connections to the world’s cities and tourist destinations. In addition, the research also found that different airport brands created by route type significantly affected passenger airport choice. Overall, the study revealed that whether from a supply or demand aspect, competition between airports in a multi-airport region—not just airline competition in a single airport—is an important topic.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang Liao & Xiaoshu Cao & Shengchao Li, 2019. "Competition and Sustainability Development of a Multi-Airport Region: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2958-:d:233935
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2958/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2958/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dobruszkes, Frédéric, 2009. "Does liberalisation of air transport imply increasing competition? Lessons from the European case," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 29-39, January.
    2. Loo, Becky P.Y., 2008. "Passengers’ airport choice within multi-airport regions (MARs): some insights from a stated preference survey at Hong Kong International Airport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 117-125.
    3. Fuellhart, Kurt & O’Connor, Kevin & Woltemade, Christopher, 2013. "Route-level passenger variation within three multi-airport regions in the USA," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 171-180.
    4. Suzuki, Yoshinori & Crum, Michael R. & Audino, Michael J., 2004. "Airport leakage and airline pricing strategy in single-airport regions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 19-37, January.
    5. Frédéric Dobruszkes & Moshe Givoni & Timothy Vowles, 2017. "Hello major airports, goodbye regional airports? Recent changes in European and US low-cost airline airport choice," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/239911, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    6. McHardy, Jolian & Trotter, Stephen, 2006. "Competition and deregulation: Do air passengers get the benefits?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 74-93, January.
    7. Frédéric Dobruszkes & Anne Graham, 2016. "Air transport liberalisation and airline network dynamics: Investigating the complex relationships," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/224517, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    8. Pels, Eric & Njegovan, Nenad & Behrens, Christiaan, 2009. "Low-cost airlines and airport competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 335-344, March.
    9. Frédéric Dobruszkes, 2006. "An analysis of European low-cost airlines and their networks," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/95835, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    10. Pels, Eric & Nijkamp, Peter & Rietveld, Piet, 2003. "Access to and competition between airports: a case study for the San Francisco Bay area," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 71-83, January.
    11. Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Graham, Anne, 2016. "Air transport liberalisation and airline network dynamics: Investigating the complex relationships," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1-3.
    12. Lin, Jingyi, 2012. "Network analysis of China’s aviation system, statistical and spatial structure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 109-117.
    13. Guillaume Burghouwt & Renato Redondi, 2013. "Connectivity in Air Transport Networks: An Assessment of Models and Applications," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 47(1), pages 35-53, January.
    14. Bubalo, Branko & Gaggero, Alberto A., 2015. "Low-cost carrier competition and airline service quality in Europe," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 23-31.
    15. Koen Frenken & Siebren Van Terwisga & Thijs Verburg & Guillaume Burghouwt, 2004. "Airline Competition At European Airports," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 95(2), pages 233-242, April.
    16. Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Givoni, Moshe & Vowles, Timothy, 2017. "Hello major airports, goodbye regional airports? Recent changes in European and US low-cost airline airport choice," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 50-62.
    17. Frédéric Dobruszkes, 2009. "Does liberalisation of air transport imply increasing competition? Lessons from the European case," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/95850, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    18. Wang, Jiaoe & Mo, Huihui & Wang, Fahui, 2014. "Evolution of air transport network of China 1930–2012," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 145-158.
    19. Alderighi, Marco & Cento, Alessandro & Nijkamp, Peter & Rietveld, Piet, 2012. "Competition in the European aviation market: the entry of low-cost airlines," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 223-233.
    20. Shaw, Shih-Lung & Lu, Feng & Chen, Jie & Zhou, Chenghu, 2009. "China’s airline consolidation and its effects on domestic airline networks and competition," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 293-305.
    21. Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Voltes-Dorta, Augusto & Rodríguez-Déniz, Héctor, 2016. "The role of London airports in providing connectivity for the UK: regional dependence on foreign hubs," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 94-104.
    22. Goetz, Andrew R. & Vowles, Timothy M., 2009. "The good, the bad, and the ugly: 30 years of US airline deregulation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 251-263.
    23. Yang, Chih-Wen & Lu, Jin-Long & Hsu, Chun-Yen, 2014. "Modeling joint airport and route choice behavior for international and metropolitan airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 89-95.
    24. Marco Alderighi & Alessandro Cento & Peter Nijkamp & Piet Rietveld, 2007. "Assessment of New Hub‐and‐Spoke and Point‐to‐Point Airline Network Configurations," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(5), pages 529-549, February.
    25. Wang, Jiaoe & Bonilla, David & Banister, David, 2016. "Air deregulation in China and its impact on airline competition 1994–2012," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 12-23.
    26. Chen, Zhenhua, 2017. "Impacts of high-speed rail on domestic air transportation in China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 184-196.
    27. Lian, Jon Inge & Rønnevik, Joachim, 2011. "Airport competition – Regional airports losing ground to main airports," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 85-92.
    28. Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Lennert, Moritz & Van Hamme, Gilles, 2011. "An analysis of the determinants of air traffic volume for European metropolitan areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 755-762.
    29. de Neufville, Richard, 1995. "Management of multi-airport systems," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 99-110.
    30. Zhang, Qiong & Yang, Hangjun & Wang, Qiang & Zhang, Anming, 2014. "Market power and its determinants in the Chinese airline industry," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 1-13.
    31. Francis, Graham & Fidato, Alessandro & Humphreys, Ian, 2003. "Airport–airline interaction: the impact of low-cost carriers on two European airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 267-273.
    32. O'Connor, Kevin & Fuellhart, Kurt, 2016. "Airports and regional air transport markets: A new perspective," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 78-82.
    33. Hess, Stephane & Polak, John W., 2006. "Exploring the potential for cross-nesting structures in airport-choice analysis: A case-study of the Greater London area," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 63-81, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bing Zhao & Hao Wu, 2022. "A System Dynamics Model of Multi-Airport Logistics System under the Impact of COVID-19: A Case of Jing-Jin-Ji Multi-Airport System in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Danyang Shen & Xiudi Li & Haoran Zhao, 2023. "Spatial Differentiation of Multi-Airport Logistics in Four Urban Agglomerations in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frédéric Dobruszkes & Jiaoe Wang, 2019. "Developing a low-cost airline in a semi-protected regime: Comparing China to Europe and the US," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/286424, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Wang, Jiaoe, 2019. "Developing a low-cost airline in a semi-protected regime: Comparing China to Europe and the US," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 48-58.
    3. Dziedzic, Marcin & Njoya, Eric T. & Warnock-Smith, David & Hubbard, Nick, 2020. "Determinants of air traffic volumes and structure at small European airports," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Oster, Clinton & Strong, John, 2021. "Economic effects of shifting airport activity in the Los Angeles metro region," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    5. David Ramos-Pérez & José Luis Sánchez-Hernández, 2014. "European World Cities and the Spatial Polarisation of Air Transport Liberalisation Benefits," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 105(1), pages 1-29, February.
    6. Jiaoe Wang & Haoran Yang & Han Wang, 2019. "The Evolution of China’s International Aviation Markets from a Policy Perspective on Air Passenger Flows," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-15, June.
    7. de Luca, Stefano, 2012. "Modelling airport choice behaviour for direct flights, connecting flights and different travel plans," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 148-163.
    8. Wang, Jiaoe & Bonilla, David & Banister, David, 2016. "Air deregulation in China and its impact on airline competition 1994–2012," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 12-23.
    9. Wong, Wai-Hung & Zhang, Anming & Cheung, Tommy King-Yin & Chu, Jeremy, 2019. "Examination of low-cost carriers' development at secondary airports using a comprehensive world airport classification," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 96-105.
    10. Jimenez, Edgar & Claro, João & Pinho de Sousa, Jorge & de Neufville, Richard, 2017. "Dynamic evolution of European airport systems in the context of Low-Cost Carriers growth," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(PA), pages 68-76.
    11. Maertens, Sven, 2012. "Estimating the market power of airports in their catchment areas – a Europe-wide approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 10-18.
    12. Maertens, Sven, 2018. "A metric to assess the competitive position of airlines and airline groups in the intra-European air transport market," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 65-73.
    13. Cho, Woohyun & Windle, Robert J. & Dresner, Martin E., 2015. "The impact of low-cost carriers on airport choice in the US: A case study of the Washington–Baltimore region," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 141-157.
    14. Lieshout, Rogier & Malighetti, Paolo & Redondi, Renato & Burghouwt, Guillaume, 2016. "The competitive landscape of air transport in Europe," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 68-82.
    15. Teixeira, Filipe Marques & Derudder, Ben, 2021. "Spatio-temporal dynamics in airport catchment areas: The case of the New York Multi Airport Region," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    16. Christidis, Panayotis, 2016. "Four shades of Open Skies: European Union and four main external partners," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 105-114.
    17. Fuellhart, Kurt & O’Connor, Kevin & Woltemade, Christopher, 2013. "Route-level passenger variation within three multi-airport regions in the USA," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 171-180.
    18. Lieshout, Rogier, 2012. "Measuring the size of an airport’s catchment area," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 27-34.
    19. Xiaoqian Sun & Sebastian Wandelt & Mark Hansen, 2020. "Airport Road Access at Planet Scale using Population Grid and Openstreetmap," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 273-299, March.
    20. Jimenez, Edgar & Suau-Sanchez, Pere, 2020. "Reinterpreting the role of primary and secondary airports in low-cost carrier expansion in Europe," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2958-:d:233935. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.