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Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment

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  • Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno

    (Departamento de Física Aplicada, ceiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro

    (Department of Engineering, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain)

  • Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo

    (Faculty of Engineering, Campus Coatzacoalcos, University of Veracruz, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz 96535, Mexico)

  • Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno

    (Departamento de Física Aplicada, ceiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

Abstract

The peanut ( Arachys hypogaea ) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cereals, and salads. Also, due to its high percentage of fat, peanuts are used for industrialized products such as oils, flours, inks, creams, lipsticks, etc. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in 2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares. Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%. The peanut industry is one of the main generators of agroindustrial waste (shells). This residual biomass (25–30% of the total weight) has a high energy content that is worth exploring. The main objectives of this study are, firstly, to evaluate the energy parameters of peanut shells as a possible solid biofuel applied as an energy source in residential and industrial heating installations. Secondly, different models are analysed to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) for biomass proposed by different scientists and to determine which most accurately fits the determination of this value for peanut shells. Thirdly, we evaluate the reduction in global CO 2 emissions that would result from the use of peanut shells as biofuel. The obtained HHV of peanut shells (18.547 MJ/kg) is higher than other biomass sources evaluated, such as olive stones (17.884 MJ/kg) or almond shells (18.200 MJ/kg), and similar to other sources of biomass used at present for home and industrial heating applications. Different prediction models of the HHV value proposed by scientists for different types of biomass have been analysed and the one that best fits the calculation for the peanut shell has been determined. The CO 2 reduction that would result from the use of peanut shells as an energy source has been evaluated in all production countries, obtaining values above 0.5 ‰ of their total emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo & Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, 2018. "Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:9:p:3254-:d:169314
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    1. Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo & Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, 2020. "Sustainable Thermal Energy Generation at Universities by Using Loquat Seeds as Biofuel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-23, March.
    2. Bong, Jang Tyng & Loy, Adrian Chun Minh & Chin, Bridgid Lai Fui & Lam, Man Kee & Tang, Daniel Kuok Ho & Lim, Huei Yeong & Chai, Yee Ho & Yusup, Suzana, 2020. "Artificial neural network approach for co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and peanut shell binary mixtures using microalgae ash catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    3. Adrian Knapczyk & Sławomir Francik & Marcin Jewiarz & Agnieszka Zawiślak & Renata Francik, 2020. "Thermal Treatment of Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis—The Torrefaction Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-31, December.
    4. Jing Ma & Zhaoyun Yin & Zhengbing Guo, 2021. "Meta-Evaluation for the Evaluation of Environmental Management: Standards and Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Zhichao Shi & Aowen Ma & Yuanhang Chen & Menghan Zhang & Yin Zhang & Na Zhou & Shisuo Fan & Yi Wang, 2023. "The Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solutions Using Peanut Shell Biochars Prepared at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Luigi Pari & Alessandro Suardi & Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Nadia Palmieri, 2020. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Castor Oil Supply Chain: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno & Esther Samerón-Manzano & Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, 2019. "Biomass as Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, February.
    8. Aisha Nazir & Um-e- Laila & Firdaus-e- Bareen & Erum Hameed & Muhammad Shafiq, 2021. "Sustainable Management of Peanut Shell through Biochar and Its Application as Soil Ameliorant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    9. Teddy Ireen Kantoro Mathabatha & Anthony Njuguna Matheri & Mohamed Belaid, 2023. "Peanut Shell-Derived Biochar as a Low-Cost Adsorbent to Extract Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Copper, and Zinc (Heavy Metals) from Wastewater: Circular Economy Approach," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 3(2), pages 1045-1064, June.
    10. Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, 2018. "Sustainable Energy Based on Sunflower Seed Husk Boiler for Residential Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, September.
    11. Tomasz Noszczyk & Arkadiusz Dyjakon & Jacek A. Koziel, 2021. "Kinetic Parameters of Nut Shells Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-22, January.

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