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Growing Urbanization and the Impact on Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Dynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Lijian Han

    (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)

  • Weiqi Zhou

    (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)

  • Weifeng Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)

Abstract

Changes in urban air quality and its relationship with growing urbanization provide an important insight into urban development strategies. Thus, we collected remotely sensed PM 2.5 concentrations, as well as urban population datasets, and analyzed the scaling relationship between changes in urban population and concentrations of PM 2.5 . The majority of large cities in North America and Europe had PM 2.5 concentrations which decreased significantly. Only 2.0% of large cities in the U.S. were found to have significant positive trends. PM 2.5 concentration trends of less than 0.5 μg/m 3 ·year were found in all large cities of Africa and Latin America. However, PM 2.5 concentration trends of more than 1.0 μg/m 3 ·year were found in 56.7% of the large cities in Asia, where only 2.3% of the cities in China were found with significant negative trends, and no cities in India were found with significant negative trends. Large cities in Asia were found with contributions of 4.12 ± 4.27 μg/m 3 ·year per million people, particularly large cities in China (5.40 ± 4.80 μg/m 3 ·year per million people) and India (4.07 ± 3.07 μg/m 3 ·year per million people). Significant negative or positive relationships were obtained between PM 2.5 trends and population change rates in large cities of North America (R 2 = 0.9195, p < 0.05) or Europe (R 2 = 0.9161, p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant inverse “U-type” relationship (R 2 = 0.8065, p < 0.05) was found between PM 2.5 trends and population change rates in large cities of Asia. In addition, the positive or negative relationships between the trends in population and PM 2.5 were obtained in typical low- and mid-income countries (e.g., China and India) or high-income countries (e.g., USA), respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Lijian Han & Weiqi Zhou & Weifeng Li, 2018. "Growing Urbanization and the Impact on Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:1696-:d:148496
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Shuai Liu & Fei Fan & Jianqing Zhang, 2019. "Are Small Cities More Environmentally Friendly? An Empirical Study from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, February.
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    4. Jinhuang Lin & An Zhang & Wenhui Chen & Mingshui Lin, 2018. "Estimates of Daily PM 2.5 Exposure in Beijing Using Spatio-Temporal Kriging Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Xueyan Liu & Xiaolong Gao, 2018. "A New Study on Air Quality Standards: Air Quality Measurement and Evaluation for Jiangsu Province Based on Six Major Air Pollutants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Hongbin Dai & Guangqiu Huang & Jingjing Wang & Huibin Zeng & Fangyu Zhou, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of PM 2.5 Concentrations in China Based on Multiple Sources of Data and LUR-GBM during 2016–2021," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-20, May.
    7. Lei Yao & Wentian Xu & Ying Xu & Shuo Sun, 2022. "Examining the Potential Scaling Law in Urban PM2.5 Pollution Risks along with the Nationwide Air Environmental Effort in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.
    8. Wang, Xiaomin & Tian, Guanghui & Yang, Dongyang & Zhang, Wenxin & Lu, Debin & Liu, Zhongmei, 2018. "Responses of PM2.5 pollution to urbanization in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 602-610.

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