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A Supervised Event-Based Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring for Non-Linear Appliances

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  • Zhuang Zheng

    (Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
    Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China)

  • Hainan Chen

    (Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
    Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China)

  • Xiaowei Luo

    (Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
    Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China)

Abstract

Smart meters generate a massive volume of energy consumption data which can be analyzed to recover some interesting and beneficial information. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is one important application fostered by the mass deployment of smart meters. This paper presents a supervised event-based NILM approach for non-linear appliance activities identification. Firstly, the additive properties (stating that, when a certain amount of specific appliances’ feature is added to their belonging network, an equal amount of change in the network’s feature can be observed) of three features (harmonic feature, voltage–current trajectory feature, and active–reactive–distortion (PQD) power curve features) were investigated through experiments. The results verify the good additive property for the harmonic features and Voltage–Current (U-I) trajectory features. In contrast, PQD power curve features have a poor additive property. Secondly, based on the verified additive property of harmonic current features and the representation of waveforms, a harmonic current features based approach is proposed for NILM, which includes two main processes: event detection and event classification. For event detection, a novel model is proposed based on the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. Compared to other event detectors, the proposed event detector not only can detect both event timestamp and two adjacent steady states but also shows high detection accuracy over public dataset with F1-score up to 98.99%. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifiers are then built for multi-class event classification using the harmonic current features and are trained using the data collected from the laboratory and the public dataset. The results show that the MLP classifiers have a good performance in classifying non-linear loads. Finally, the proposed harmonic current features based approach is tested in the laboratory through experiments, in which multiple on–off events of multiple appliances occur. The research indicates that clustering-based event detection algorithms are promising for future works in event-based NILM. Harmonic current features have perfect additive property, and MLP classifier using harmonic current features can accurately identify typical non-linear and resistive loads, which could be integrated with other approaches in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhuang Zheng & Hainan Chen & Xiaowei Luo, 2018. "A Supervised Event-Based Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring for Non-Linear Appliances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-28, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:1001-:d:138513
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Hari Prasad Devarapalli & V. S. S. Siva Sarma Dhanikonda & Sitarama Brahmam Gunturi, 2020. "Non-Intrusive Identification of Load Patterns in Smart Homes Using Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Zheng, Zhuang & Sun, Zhankun & Pan, Jia & Luo, Xiaowei, 2021. "An integrated smart home energy management model based on a pyramid taxonomy for residential houses with photovoltaic-battery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    4. Pascal A. Schirmer & Iosif Mporas, 2019. "Statistical and Electrical Features Evaluation for Electrical Appliances Energy Disaggregation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Do-Hyeon Ryu & Ryu-Hee Kim & Seung-Hyun Choi & Kwang-Jae Kim & Young Myoung Ko & Young-Jin Kim & Minseok Song & Dong Gu Choi, 2020. "Utilizing Electricity Consumption Data to Assess the Noise Discomfort Caused by Electrical Appliances between Neighbors: A Case Study of a Campus Apartment Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Antonio Ruano & Alvaro Hernandez & Jesus Ureña & Maria Ruano & Juan Garcia, 2019. "NILM Techniques for Intelligent Home Energy Management and Ambient Assisted Living: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-29, June.
    7. Zheng, Zhuang & Pan, Jia & Huang, Gongsheng & Luo, Xiaowei, 2022. "A bottom-up intra-hour proactive scheduling of thermal appliances for household peak avoiding based on model predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    8. Mishra, Kakuli & Basu, Srinka & Maulik, Ujjwal, 2022. "Load profile mining using directed weighted graphs with application towards demand response management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    9. Yongtao Shi & Xiaodong Zhao & Fan Zhang & Yaguang Kong, 2022. "Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Based on Swin-Transformer with Adaptive Scaling Recurrence Plot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    10. Yan, Lei & Tian, Wei & Han, Jiayu & Li, Zuy, 2022. "Event-driven two-stage solution to non-intrusive load monitoring," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    11. Zheng, Zhuang & Shafique, Muhammad & Luo, Xiaowei & Wang, Shengwei, 2024. "A systematic review towards integrative energy management of smart grids and urban energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    12. Zheng, Zhuang & Chen, Hainan & Luo, Xiaowei, 2019. "A Kalman filter-based bottom-up approach for household short-term load forecast," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 882-894.

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