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Prediction of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Sponge City Projects: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

Author

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  • Xiaohu Lin

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Jie Ren

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Jingcheng Xu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Tao Zheng

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Wei Cheng

    (Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Junlian Qiao

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Juwen Huang

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Guangming Li

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract

In recent years, China has been vigorously carrying out the planning and implementation of Sponge City. Since the implementation of Sponge City projects involves substantial materials and energy consumption, it is significant to account corresponding carbon emissions and sinks. The existed studies about carbon emission of stormwater management measures, however, are not able to take the whole life cycle and different facilities into consideration. Therefore, this study develops a comprehensive accounting model based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and life cycle assessment (LCA) method to predict carbon emissions and carbon sinks of Sponge City projects more comprehensively and accurately. The model is applied to an actual residential community in Shanghai as a case study. Results show that the total indirect carbon emission is estimated to be 774,277 kg CO 2 eq during a 30-year lifespan, among which carbon emissions from operation and maintenance phases are 2570 kg CO 2 eq/year and 7309 kg CO 2 eq/year, respectively, both directly proportional to the service life of the facilities. Three kinds of achievable carbon sinks are carbon sequestration in green space (5450 kg CO 2 eq/year), carbon sink from rainwater utilization (15,379 kg CO 2 eq/year) and carbon sink from runoff pollutant removal (19,552 kg CO 2 eq/year). Carbon neutrality is expected to be reached after approximately 19 years. The established carbon emission accounting model can contribute to better planning and construction of Sponge City in China and enhance further energy conservation and carbon emission reduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaohu Lin & Jie Ren & Jingcheng Xu & Tao Zheng & Wei Cheng & Junlian Qiao & Juwen Huang & Guangming Li, 2018. "Prediction of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Sponge City Projects: A Case Study in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:3978-:d:179554
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Song Liu & Mengnan Lin & Chunlin Li, 2019. "Analysis of the Effects of the River Network Structure and Urbanization on Waterlogging in High-Density Urban Areas—A Case Study of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Xuezhou Fan & Toru Matsumoto, 2019. "GIS-Based Social Cost–Benefit Analysis on Integrated Urban Water Management in China: A Case Study of Sponge City in Harbin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Blal Adem Esmail & Lina Suleiman, 2020. "Analyzing Evidence of Sustainable Urban Water Management Systems: A Review through the Lenses of Sociotechnical Transitions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-45, June.
    4. Wentao Li & Hao Wang & Jinjun Zhou & Lin Yan & Zilong Liu & Yali Pang & Haijia Zhang & Tianyi Huang, 2022. "Simulation and Evaluation of Rainwater Runoff Control, Collection, and Utilization for Sponge City Reconstruction in an Urban Residential Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Li Wang & Jie Pei & Jing Geng & Zheng Niu, 2019. "Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-27, August.

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