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Growth, Development, Leaf Gaseous Exchange, and Grain Yield Response of Maize Cultivars to Drought and Flooding Stress

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Mangani

    (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

  • Eyob Habte Tesfamariam

    (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

  • Gianni Bellocchi

    (INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCA, UMR 0874 Écosystème Prairial (UREP), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Abubeker Hassen

    (Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

Abstract

The prevalence of extreme drought and flooding is posing a threat to the food security of Sub-Saharan African countries. There are national and international calls for actions to investigate the level of resilience of existing crop cultivars to multiple abiotic stress conditions. A two-year study was carried out in South Africa to determine growth, development, yield, yield components, and physiological responses of two contrasting maize cultivars—PAN 413 (drought tolerant) and PAN 6Q-245 (drought intolerant) under drought and flooding. The drought effect on grain yield was more pronounced from mid-vegetative to tasselling stages, regardless of the cultivar with yields deviating from the control by 53–58% (2015/2016) and 34–42% (2016/2017). The effect of flooding on grain yield was pronounced at the early vegetative stage for both cultivars, with yield reductions ranging between 26–30% (2015/2016) and 15–21% (2016/2017). Results from the study indicated that existing maize cultivars (drought tolerant and drought intolerant) are both prone to likely extreme drought events experienced during the tasselling stage. Results also showed that both cultivars are prone to probable flooding events before the tasselling stage. It is recommended that plant breeders’ efforts be directed to developing maize cultivars with multiple stress tolerances.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Mangani & Eyob Habte Tesfamariam & Gianni Bellocchi & Abubeker Hassen, 2018. "Growth, Development, Leaf Gaseous Exchange, and Grain Yield Response of Maize Cultivars to Drought and Flooding Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:10:p:3492-:d:172791
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David B. Lobell & Graeme L. Hammer & Greg McLean & Carlos Messina & Michael J. Roberts & Wolfram Schlenker, 2013. "The critical role of extreme heat for maize production in the United States," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(5), pages 497-501, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Susana T. Leitão & Emanuel Ferreira & M. Catarina Bicho & Mara L. Alves & Duarte Pintado & Daniela Santos & Pedro Mendes-Moreira & Susana S. Araújo & J. Miguel Costa & Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, 2019. "Maize Open-Pollinated Populations Physiological Improvement: Validating Tools for Drought Response Participatory Selection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-35, November.
    2. Gao, Jia & Zhang, Yingjun & Xu, Chenchen & Wang, Pu & Huang, Shoubing & Lv, Yanjie, 2024. "Enhancing spatial and temporal coordination of soil water and root growth to improve maize (Zea mays L.) yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).

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