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Migration Intention of Rural Farmers to Urban Areas in Bangladesh and Its Determinants: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Author

Listed:
  • A. K. M. Kanak Pervez

    (Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh)

  • Akira Ishida

    (Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan)

  • Md Shahriar Kabir

    (Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh)

  • Lixia Tang

    (College of International Development and Global Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

Internal rural-urban migration is becoming a priority in social research. However, no one has systematically studied the intentions of farmers to migrate internally to Bangladesh to seek permanent urban residence via paid employment yet. This paper develops a TPB (theory of planned behaviour) model to explain farmers’ intentions to migrate or not migrate to cities for paid employment; then, this paper tests the model against the data collected. A total 372 individuals (migrated farmers) were randomly chosen from 11,200 families who had left a rural area in Bangladesh to collect quantitative data about the issues raised in the model; the data were collected by a telephone interview. The socioeconomic profile of the respondents fits that of internal migrants identified in the literature, and the Cronbach’s alpha as well as composite reliability statistics suggest that the data are representative of the population. According to the structural equation modelling (SEM) data, attitudes towards migration (ATTs) and subjective norms (SNs) have an impact on migration intention (MI), while perceived behavioural control (PBC) show no significant effect. This study used a primary dataset from interviews with rural migrants working in different sectors in different cities in Bangladesh. This suggests that the planned behaviour model may help explain farmers’ decisions to migrate internally in Bangladesh and that policies based on the model may successfully reduce such migration.

Suggested Citation

  • A. K. M. Kanak Pervez & Akira Ishida & Md Shahriar Kabir & Lixia Tang, 2024. "Migration Intention of Rural Farmers to Urban Areas in Bangladesh and Its Determinants: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:14:y:2024:i:7:p:99-:d:1423117
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giesbert, Lena, 2007. "Seeking Opportunities: Migration as an Income Diversification Strategy of Households in Kakamega District in Kenya," GIGA Working Papers 58, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    2. Jin, Zhangfeng & Zhang, Junsen, 2023. "Access to local citizenship and internal migration in a developing country: Evidence from a Hukou reform in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 181-215.
    3. Lipton, Michael, 1980. "Migration from rural areas of poor countries: The impact on rural productivity and income distribution," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, January.
    4. Sen, Binayak & Dorosh, Paul & Ahmed, Mansur, 2021. "Moving out of agriculture in Bangladesh: The role of farm, non-farm and mixed households," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
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