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Instruments to Assess People’s Attitude and Behaviours towards Tolerance: A Systematic Review of Literature

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  • Hiroko Costantini

    (Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
    Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
    Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK)

  • Muhammad Abdul Aziz Al Mujahid

    (Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan)

  • Kengo Hosaka

    (Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City 277-8561, Chiba, Japan)

  • Takazumi Ono

    (Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Misato Nihei

    (Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
    Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

Abstract

While tolerance is recognised as important, especially to diverse societies, understanding tolerance poses complexities, both theoretically and in practical application. Tolerance is relevant in different social contexts, yet these pose distinct challenges to measurement. Thus, understanding the measurement of tolerance is important. This study provides a systematic review of tolerance scales, with the procedure based on the PRISMA statement. The initial collection of over 1600 papers through the systematic review process yielded a set of 11 papers. These papers trace the development of tolerance scales to encompass distinct social contexts over time, including political, cultural, ethnic and racial, racial and religious, gender and sexual, and social. Correspondingly, the approaches reflect particular challenges relevant to these domains for understanding and measuring tolerance. In contrast, some recent contributions aim to develop broader, less context-specific means to assess tolerance. Notwithstanding the breadth of articles included, this systematic review yielded articles that covered only selected Western-centric geographies: this indicates the opportunity for further research to access and integrate non-English-language articles to broaden the geographical and cultural perspectives on tolerance.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroko Costantini & Muhammad Abdul Aziz Al Mujahid & Kengo Hosaka & Takazumi Ono & Misato Nihei, 2024. "Instruments to Assess People’s Attitude and Behaviours towards Tolerance: A Systematic Review of Literature," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:14:y:2024:i:7:p:121-:d:1436267
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mutz, Diana C., 2002. "Cross-cutting Social Networks: Testing Democratic Theory in Practice," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 96(1), pages 111-126, March.
    2. Sullivan, John L. & Marcus, George E. & Feldman, Stanley & Piereson, James E., 1981. "The Sources of Political Tolerance: A Multivariate Analysis," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 75(1), pages 92-106, March.
    3. Liberati Caterina & Longaretti Riccarda & Michelangeli Alessandra, 2021. "Measuring Tolerant Behavior," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 241(2), pages 149-171, April.
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