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Hot Spots of Gun Violence in the Era of Focused Deterrence: A Space-Time Analysis of Shootings in South Philadelphia

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  • Jamie Anne Boschan

    (Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA)

  • Caterina G. Roman

    (Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA)

Abstract

Gun and street group violence remains a serious problem in cities across the United States and the focused deterrence strategy has been a widely applied law enforcement intervention to reduce it. Although two meta-analytical studies concluded that the intervention had a significant effect on violence, questions remain about how violence changes across space and time during and after the intervention. This study applies novel geospatial analyses to assess spatiotemporal changes in gun violence before, during, and after the implementation of Philadelphia Focused Deterrence. Emerging hot spot analysis employing Space-Time cubes of ten annual time bins (2009–2018) at the Thiessen polygon level was used to detect and categorize patterns. The analyses revealed a non-significant decreasing trend across the ten-year period. Furthermore, there were ninety-three statistically significant hot spots categorized into four hot spot patterns: fourteen new hot spots; twenty-three consecutive; one persistent; and fifty-three sporadic. There was no evidence showing statistically significant hot spots for the “diminishing” pattern. Knowledge of these patterns that emerge across micro-locations can be used by law enforcement practitioners to complement data-driven problem solving and fine tune these strategies and other place-based programming. Policymakers can use findings to prioritize resources when developing complementary prevention and intervention efforts by tailoring those efforts to the different emergent patterns.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamie Anne Boschan & Caterina G. Roman, 2024. "Hot Spots of Gun Violence in the Era of Focused Deterrence: A Space-Time Analysis of Shootings in South Philadelphia," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:13:y:2024:i:2:p:119-:d:1339956
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thyago Celso C. Nepomuceno & Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa, 2019. "Spatial visualization on patterns of disaggregate robberies," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 857-886, December.
    2. Li An & Ming-Hsiang Tsou & Stephen E. S. Crook & Yongwan Chun & Brian Spitzberg & J. Mark Gawron & Dipak K. Gupta, 2015. "Space–Time Analysis: Concepts, Quantitative Methods, and Future Directions," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 105(5), pages 891-914, September.
    3. Kate Bowers & Shane Johnson & Rob T. Guerette & Lucia Summers & Suzanne Poynton, 2011. "Spatial Displacement And Diffusion Of Benefits Among Geographically Focused Policing Initiatives," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), pages 1-144.
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