IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v11y2023i4p69-d1110577.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Validating the Financial Literacy Index of Hungarian SMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Russian–Ukrainian War

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Toth

    (Faculty of Law, Institute of Economics and Management, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, 1042 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Richard Kasa

    (Faculty of Finance and Accountancy, Department of Management, Budapest Business School, 1149 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Csaba Lentner

    (Faculty of Governmental and International Studies, Széll Kálmán Public Finance Lab, University of Public Service, 1083 Budapest, Hungary)

Abstract

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian–Ukrainian war have had a significant impact on economies around the world, with pivotal implications for the activities of companies. The issue of corporate financial literacy has been within our scope of interest for a matter of years now, and this study aims at re-enforcing our previous overall theoretical and literacy-based analysis from a methodological approach. We use our own previous databases to explore and analyze the importance of corporate financial literacy, taking into account the economic factors inside and outside the organization that affect the businesses. For this, a confirmative factor analysis (CFA) model has been created. The article aims at two things with this. On the one hand, we intend to introduce the wider scope of the fit tests applicable in the CFA, thus giving a direction to other authors. It also allows for adequate verification for their models, while at the same time conducting the fit test for our corporate financial literacy model as well as a valid model framework suitable for making measurements and deductions. With the resulting model, this paper aims to examine the corporate financial literacy, the current economic challenges, and the issues faced by managers during crises. In addition to all this, with our article, we also want to make some contribution to the methodology of empirical data analysis: in the article we collect the fit tests that can be used to validate confirmatory factor models, the way they are determined, and most importantly, we try to sort out the literature approaches to the acceptable values of these tests, giving the reader a kind of guide and a reference base. The results of the research identify response measures that can contribute to increasing companies’ resilience based on the principles of financial awareness.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Toth & Richard Kasa & Csaba Lentner, 2023. "Validating the Financial Literacy Index of Hungarian SMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Russian–Ukrainian War," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:69-:d:1110577
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/11/4/69/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/11/4/69/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anderson, Anders & Baker, Forest & Robinson, David T., 2017. "Precautionary savings, retirement planning and misperceptions of financial literacy," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(2), pages 383-398.
    2. Galindo, Miguel-Ángel & Méndez, María Teresa, 2014. "Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(5), pages 825-829.
    3. Klapper, Leora & Lusardi, Annamaria & Panos, Georgios A., 2012. "Financial literacy and the financial crisis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5980, The World Bank.
    4. Mohamed Beraich & Karim Amzile & Jaouad Laamire & Omar Zirari & Mohamed Amine Fadali, 2022. "Volatility Spillover Effects of the US, European and Chinese Financial Markets in the Context of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, October.
    5. Alberto Burchi & Bogdan Włodarczyk & Marek Szturo & Duccio Martelli, 2021. "The Effects of Financial Literacy on Sustainable Entrepreneurship," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, April.
    6. Mohammad Nurunnabi, 2020. "Recovery planning and resilience of SMEs during the COVID-19: experience from Saudi Arabia," Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 16(4), pages 643-653, November.
    7. K. C. Rakow, 2019. "Incorporating financial literacy into the accounting curriculum," Accounting Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(4), pages 384-400, July.
    8. Győri, Ágnes & Czakó, Ágnes, 2018. "Some Features of Hungarian Financial Literacy in the Light of the Economic Behaviour of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, vol. 63(2), pages 235-253.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Silvia Mariela Méndez-Prado & Vanessa Rodriguez & Kevin Peralta-Rizzo & Patricia Everaert & Martin Valcke, 2023. "An Assessment Tool to Identify the Financial Literacy Level of Financial Education Programs Participants’ Executed by Ecuadorian Financial Institutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel & Olan, Femi & Nyuur, Richard Benon-be-isan & Paul, Salima & Nguyen, Ha Thanh Truc, 2023. "The effect of government support on Bureaucracy, COVID-19 resilience and export intensity: Evidence from North Africa," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Jose Ramon Saura & Daniel Palacios-Marqués & Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano, 2023. "Leveraging SMEs technologies adoption in the Covid-19 pandemic: a case study on Twitter-based user-generated content," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 1696-1722, October.
    4. Lin, Chien-An & Bates, Timothy C., 2022. "Smart people know how the economy works: Cognitive ability, economic knowledge and financial literacy," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    5. Wei Wang & Kehui Wei & Oleksandr Kubatko & Vladyslav Piven & Yulija Chortok & Oleksandr Derykolenko, 2023. "Economic Growth and Sustainable Transition: Investigating Classical and Novel Factors in Developed Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-15, August.
    6. Bakari, Sayef, 2021. "Do researchers affect economic growth?," MPRA Paper 108788, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ramesh Chandra Das & Sujata Mukherjee, 2020. "Do Spending on R&D Influence Income? An Enquiry on the World’s Leading Economies and Groups," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 11(4), pages 1295-1315, December.
    8. Othmani, Abdelhafidh & Ben Yedder, Nadia & Bakari, Sayef, 2023. "The Cointegration Relationship between Patent, Domestic Investment and Economic Growth in United States of America," MPRA Paper 118245, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Ali, Abdul & Kelley, Donna J. & Levie, Jonathan, 2020. "Market-driven entrepreneurship and institutions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 117-128.
    10. Aparicio, Sebastian & Urbano, David & Audretsch, David, 2016. "Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 45-61.
    11. Olatunji A. Shobande & Simplice A. Asongu, 2021. "Has Knowledge Improved Economic Growth? Evidence from Nigeria and South Africa," Working Papers 21/059, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    12. Wang, Jun-Zhuo & Feng, Gen-Fu & Chang, Chun-Ping, 2024. "How does political instability affect renewable energy innovation?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    13. Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh & Nasrin Rostami, 2022. "Macroeconomic Conditions, Innovation and Competitiveness," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(2), pages 1321-1340, June.
    14. Ajoy Ketan Sarangi & Rudra Prakash Pradhan, 2020. "ICT infrastructure and economic growth: a critical assessment and some policy implications," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 47(4), pages 363-383, December.
    15. Béres, Dániel & Huzdik, Katalin, 2012. "Financial Literacy and Macro-economics," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, vol. 57(3), pages 298-312.
    16. Katharina Allinger & Elisabeth Beckmann, 2021. "Prevalence and determinants of nonbank borrowing in CESEE: evidence from the OeNB Euro Survey," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1/21, pages 7-35.
    17. Vicente González-Prida & Diana Pariona-Amaya & Juan Manuel Sánchez-Soto & Sonia Luz Barzola-Inga & Uldarico Aguado-Riveros & Fabricio Miguel Moreno-Menéndez & Mark David Villar-Aranda, 2025. "Exploring the Effects of Financial Knowledge on Better Decision-Making in SMEs," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-25, January.
    18. Mangrum, Daniel, 2022. "Personal finance education mandates and student loan repayment," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(1), pages 1-26.
    19. Karen Miriam GONZÁLEZ FLORES & Judit KATONÁNÉ KOVÁCS, 2018. "Defining The Entrepreneurship Ecosystem," SEA - Practical Application of Science, Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, issue 18, pages 299-306, December.
    20. Daniel Berkowitz & Mark Hoekstra & Koen Schoors, 2012. "Does Finance Cause Growth? Evidence from the Origins of Banking in Russia," NBER Working Papers 18139, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:69-:d:1110577. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.