IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jresou/v12y2023i3p32-d1076733.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modeling the Impact of Fees and Circular Economy Options on the Financial Sustainability of the Solid Waste Management System in Jordan

Author

Listed:
  • Hani A. Abu-Qdais

    (Civil Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Nawras Shatnawi

    (Surveying and Geomatics Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 19117, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan)

  • Rami Al-Shahrabi

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan)

Abstract

Municipal solid waste services in Jordan are being provided by municipalities, where 90% of the generated solid waste finds its way to the landfills and dump sites. All Jordanian municipalities are suffering from low cost recovery where it reaches 50% in its best case. Realizing these facts, recently, the Jordanian government has embarked on an ambitious package of regulations and policies to promote the adoption of circular economy options. The National Solid Waste Management Strategy (NSWMS) of Jordan has called for rationalization, gradual increase of the service fees and adoption of circular economy options through recycling and composting. To assess the impacts of the proposed policies by the NSWMS on the financial sustainability, a system dynamic modeling (SDM) was carried out for the two largest municipalities in the country, namely Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) and Greater Irbid Municipality (GIM). The share of solid waste management cost from the total municipal budget in GAM and GIM is 13.3% and 24%, respectively. On the other hand, the cost per ton of solid waste management in GAM is USD 85 and in GIM it is USD 50. Medium-term and long-term scenarios were considered in the SDM analysis. By considering the year 2016 as a baseline year, the simulation revealed that during the midterm period (2022–2026), the cost recovery will be increased from 54% to 82.5% in GAM, while in GIM it will be raised from 45% to 70%. Moreover, during the long-term period (2027–2034) as a result of adopting circular economy options by recycling and composting, both GAM and GIM will achieve full cost recovery of the solid waste services, in 2028 and 2029, respectively. Furthermore, diverting the solid waste from the landfill will lead to climate change mitigation, where about 652,275 tons of CO 2eq . and greenhouse gases will be avoided. It is recommended that municipalities in Jordan should consider a more efficient solid waste collection mechanism rather than through electricity bills. Further research is needed to assess the impact of other circular economy options such as waste to energy and extended producer responsibility (EPR).

Suggested Citation

  • Hani A. Abu-Qdais & Nawras Shatnawi & Rami Al-Shahrabi, 2023. "Modeling the Impact of Fees and Circular Economy Options on the Financial Sustainability of the Solid Waste Management System in Jordan," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:32-:d:1076733
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/12/3/32/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/12/3/32/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Safwat Hemidat & Ouafa Achouri & Loubna El Fels & Sherien Elagroudy & Mohamed Hafidi & Benabbas Chaouki & Mostafa Ahmed & Isla Hodgkinson & Jinyang Guo, 2022. "Solid Waste Management in the Context of a Circular Economy in the MENA Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Micky A. Babalola, 2019. "A System Dynamics-Based Approach to Help Understand the Role of Food and Biodegradable Waste Management in Respect of Municipal Waste Management Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Chamizo-Gonzalez, Julián & Cano-Montero, Elisa Isabel & Muñoz-Colomina, Clara Isabel, 2016. "Municipal Solid Waste Management services and its funding in Spain," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 65-72.
    4. Rubí Medina-Mijangos & Luis Seguí-Amórtegui, 2020. "Research Trends in the Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1980 to 2019," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Hans Breukelman & Harold Krikke & Ansje Löhr, 2019. "Failing Services on Urban Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-31, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Asif Iqbal & Abdullah Yasar & Abdul-Sattar Nizami & Rafia Haider & Faiza Sharif & Imran Ali Sultan & Amtul Bari Tabinda & Aman Anwer Kedwaii & Muhammad Murtaza Chaudhary, 2022. "Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Haulage Modeling Design for Lahore, Pakistan: Transition toward Sustainability and Circular Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-39, December.
    2. Sławomir Kasiński & Marcin Dębowski & Gabriela Tylus & Marcin Rudnicki, 2022. "Characteristics of Wastewater from Municipal Waste Bio-Drying and Its Impact on Aquatic Environment—Long-Term Research on a Technical Scale," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Patricia Chica-Morales & Victor F. Muñoz & Antonio J. Domenech, 2021. "System Dynamics as Ex Ante Impact Assessment Tool in International Development Cooperation: Study Case of Urban Sustainability Policies in Darkhan, Mongolia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-23, April.
    4. Aarthi Aishwarya Devendran & Brijesh Mainali & Dilip Khatiwada & Farzin Golzar & Krushna Mahapatra & Camila H. Toigo, 2023. "Optimization of Municipal Waste Streams in Achieving Urban Circularity in the City of Curitiba, Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Faisal A. Osra & Huseyin Kurtulus Ozcan & Jaber S. Alzahrani & Mohammad S. Alsoufi, 2021. "Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-13, January.
    6. Ahmed Shaban & Fatma-Elzahraa Zaki & Islam H. Afefy & Giulio Di Gravio & Andrea Falegnami & Riccardo Patriarca, 2022. "An Optimization Model for the Design of a Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Sabah Mariyam & Logan Cochrane & Shifa Zuhara & Gordon McKay, 2022. "Waste Management in Qatar: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for System Strengthening," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, July.
    8. Ranjbari, Meisam & Shams Esfandabadi, Zahra & Siebers, Peer-Olaf & Pisano, Paola & Quatraro, Francesco, 2024. "Digitally enabled food sharing platforms towards effective waste management in a circular economy: A system dynamics simulation model," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    9. Qahtan Thabit & Abdallah Nassour & Michael Nelles, 2022. "Facts and Figures on Aspects of Waste Management in Middle East and North Africa Region," Waste, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-29, November.
    10. Hridoy Roy & Samiha Raisa Alam & Rayhan Bin-Masud & Tonima Rahman Prantika & Md. Nahid Pervez & Md. Shahinoor Islam & Vincenzo Naddeo, 2022. "A Review on Characteristics, Techniques, and Waste-to-Energy Aspects of Municipal Solid Waste Management: Bangladesh Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-25, August.
    11. Sajid, Muhammad & Raheem, Abdul & Ullah, Naeem & Asim, Muhammad & Ur Rehman, Muhammad Saif & Ali, Nisar, 2022. "Gasification of municipal solid waste: Progress, challenges, and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    12. Imran Khan & Shahariar Chowdhury & Kuaanan Techato, 2022. "Waste to Energy in Developing Countries—A Rapid Review: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policies in Selected Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia towards Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-27, March.
    13. Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova & Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri & María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero & Miguel-A. Rozo-Arango, 2022. "M-GRCT: A Dynamic Circular Economy Model for the Optimal Design of Waste Management Systems in Low-Income Municipalities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-25, February.
    14. Nitad Jaisue & Nipon Ketjoy & Malinee Kaewpanha & Prapita Thanarak, 2023. "The Barriers Analysis for Waste-to-Energy Project Development in Thailand: Using an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.
    15. Omid Hashemi-Amiri & Ran Ji & Kuo Tian, 2023. "An Integrated Location–Scheduling–Routing Framework for a Smart Municipal Solid Waste System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, May.
    16. Feriel Kheira Kebaili & Amel Baziz-Berkani & Hani Amir Aouissi & Florin-Constantin Mihai & Moustafa Houda & Mostefa Ababsa & Marc Azab & Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor & Christine Fürst, 2022. "Characterization and Planning of Household Waste Management: A Case Study from the MENA Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, May.
    17. Amanda Augusta Fernandes & Cristina Adams & Luciana Gomes de Araujo & João Paulo Romanelli & João Paulo Bispo Santos & Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, 2022. "Forest Landscape Restoration and Local Stakeholders: A Global Bibliometric Mapping Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Mercedes Jiménez-García & José Ruiz-Chico & Antonio Rafael Peña-Sánchez, 2020. "Landscape and Tourism: Evolution of Research Topics," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-17, December.
    19. Christine Blanchard & Peter Harris & Celmara Pocock & Bernadette K. McCabe, 2023. "Food and Garden Organic Waste Management in Australia: Co-Benefits for Regional Communities and Local Government," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-25, June.
    20. Abdallah Namoun & Ali Tufail & Muhammad Yasar Khan & Ahmed Alrehaili & Toqeer Ali Syed & Oussama BenRhouma, 2022. "Solid Waste Generation and Disposal Using Machine Learning Approaches: A Survey of Solutions and Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-32, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:32-:d:1076733. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.