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Geodiversity of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark: Hydrogeological Significance of Groundwater and Landscape Interaction and Conceptual Model of Functioning

Author

Listed:
  • África de la Hera-Portillo

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Julio López-Gutiérrez

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Luis Moreno-Merino

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Miguel Llorente-Isidro

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rod Fensham

    (Queensland Herbarium (DES), Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, QLD 4066, Australia
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Mario Fernández

    (Independent Researcher, 09142 Burgos, Spain)

  • Marwan Ghanem

    (Department of Geography, Birzeit University, Ramallah P.O. Box 14, Palestine)

  • Karmah Salman

    (Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark, 34800 Aguilar de Campoo, Spain)

  • Jose Ángel Sánchez-Fabián

    (Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark, 34800 Aguilar de Campoo, Spain)

  • Nicolás Gallego-Rojas

    (Asociación Argeol, C/La Fuente 11, San Martín de Perapertú, 34839 Palencia, Spain)

  • Mª Mar Corral

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Elena Galindo

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Manuela Chamizo-Borreguero

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Nour-Eddine Laftouhi

    (Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco)

Abstract

Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) is geologically diverse, particularly in relation to water-derived features: springs, karst springs, travertine buildings, waterfalls, caves. In this work, the interactions between geology, geomorphology, structures and hydrogeology are analyzed. As a result of this study, a first conceptual model of the hydrogeological functioning at Las Loras UGGp is presented. The most plausible hypothesis is that the system is formed by two superimposed aquifer systems, separated by an aquitard formed by Lower Cretaceous material. The deep lower aquifer formed by the Jurassic limestones only outcrops on the northern and southern edges of the Geopark and in a small arched band to the south of Aguilar de Campoo. It forms a basement subject to intense deformation. The upper aquifer system, formed by outcropping materials from the Upper Cretaceous, is a free aquifer. It is formed by a multilayered aquifer system that is highly compartmentalized, constituting individual moorland and lora units acting as a separate recharge–discharge system. This model explains the base level of the permanent rivers and the abundant springs, important components of the water cycle and representing a contribution to the rich geological heritage of the location.

Suggested Citation

  • África de la Hera-Portillo & Julio López-Gutiérrez & Luis Moreno-Merino & Miguel Llorente-Isidro & Rod Fensham & Mario Fernández & Marwan Ghanem & Karmah Salman & Jose Ángel Sánchez-Fabián & Nicolás G, 2023. "Geodiversity of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark: Hydrogeological Significance of Groundwater and Landscape Interaction and Conceptual Model of Functioning," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-32, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:14-:d:1029878
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michele Sisto & Antonio Di Lisio & Filippo Russo, 2022. "Geosite Assessment as a Tool for the Promotion and Conservation of Irpinia Landscape Geoheritage (Southern Italy)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Adrià Ramos & José F. Mediato & Raúl Pérez-López & Miguel A. Rodríguez-Pascua, 2021. "Miocene to present-day tectonic control on the relief of the Duero and Ebro basins confluence (North Iberia)," Journal of Maps, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 289-299, December.
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