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Risk Assessment of Water Intakes in South-Eastern Poland in Relation to the WHO Requirements for Water Safety Plans

Author

Listed:
  • Dawid Szpak

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Boryczko

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Jakub Żywiec

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Izabela Piegdoń

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Janusz R. Rak

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

Abstract

Since 2017, risk assessments for water intakes in Poland have provided the basis for decisions to establish indirect water protection zones. The preventive, risk-based approach and the related risk minimization measures are required under the provisions of the Drinking Water Directive (DWD) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. This approach is in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for water safety plans. The aim of this study was to present a methodology and to carry out a risk assessment of the threats to surface water intakes, which in Poland, should be completed by the end of 2022. Risk assessments were performed for four onshore-type surface water intakes located in south-eastern Poland. The results were presented in aggregate form, which enabled clear presentation and conclusions. It was found that the greatest risks are associated with seasonal changes in water quality (mainly high turbidity and water blooms), unregulated sewage management, the occurrence of floodwater flows and catastrophic events caused by the potential failure of wastewater treatment plants. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the need to establish new, or to adjust the existing, protection zones for the analyzed water intakes was identified.

Suggested Citation

  • Dawid Szpak & Krzysztof Boryczko & Jakub Żywiec & Izabela Piegdoń & Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak & Janusz R. Rak, 2021. "Risk Assessment of Water Intakes in South-Eastern Poland in Relation to the WHO Requirements for Water Safety Plans," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:10:y:2021:i:10:p:105-:d:655743
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dawid Szpak & Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak, 2019. "The Use of Grey Systems Theory to Analyze the Water Supply Systems Safety," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(12), pages 4141-4155, September.
    2. Janusz R. Rak & Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik, 2019. "An Approach to Determine Risk Indices for Drinking Water–Study Investigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, June.
    3. Dawid Szpak, 2020. "Method for Determining the Probability of a Lack of Water Supply to Consumers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-16, October.
    4. João Vieira & Maria Conceição Cunha, 2017. "Nested Optimization Approach for the Capacity Expansion of Multiquality Water Supply Systems under Uncertainty," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(4), pages 1381-1395, March.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Izabela Piegdoń, 2022. "A New Concept of Crisis Water Management in Urban Areas Based on the Risk Maps of Lack of Water Supply in Response to European Law," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.

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