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Citizen Perceptions of Fake News in Spain: Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Ideological Differences

Author

Listed:
  • David Blanco-Herrero

    (Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Campus Unamuno, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Javier J. Amores

    (Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Campus Unamuno, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Patricia Sánchez-Holgado

    (Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Campus Unamuno, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

Abstract

Although the phenomenon of disinformation and, specifically, fake news has become especially serious and problematic, this phenomenon has not been widely addressed in academia from the perspective of consumers, who play a relevant role in the spread of this content. For that reason, the present study focuses on determining how this phenomenon is perceived by citizens, as the strategies to counteract fake news are affected by such opinions. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify in which media the perception and experience of fake news is greatest and thus determine what platforms should be focused on to counteract this phenomenon. A survey was conducted in October 2020, among the Spanish adult population and was completed by a total of 423 people (with 421 valid answers). Among its main findings, this study determined that social media platforms are the type of media in which the greatest amount of fake news is perceived, which confirms the suggestions of previous studies. Furthermore, the experienced presence of fake news seems to be primarily affected by age and gender, as there was a higher level of skepticism observed among young people and women. Additionally, the use of media seems to be positively correlated with the perceived and experienced presence of fake news.

Suggested Citation

  • David Blanco-Herrero & Javier J. Amores & Patricia Sánchez-Holgado, 2021. "Citizen Perceptions of Fake News in Spain: Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Ideological Differences," Publications, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jpubli:v:9:y:2021:i:3:p:35-:d:612685
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aida María de Vicente Domínguez & Ana Beriain Bañares & Javier Sierra Sánchez, 2021. "Young Spanish Adults and Disinformation: Do They Identify and Spread Fake News and Are They Literate in It?," Publications, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-16, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shelley Boulianne & Christian P. Hoffmann, 2024. "Digital Inclusion Through Algorithmic Knowledge: Curated Flows of Civic and Political Information on Instagram," Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, vol. 12.
    2. Choudhary, Anshika & Arora, Anuja, 2024. "Assessment of bidirectional transformer encoder model and attention based bidirectional LSTM language models for fake news detection," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).

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