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Fuzzy Techniques Applied to the Analysis of the Causes and Effects of Tourism Competitiveness

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  • Martha B. Flores-Romero

    (Faculty of Accounting and Management, Saint Nicholas and Hidalgo Michoacán State University (UMSNH), Morelia 58030, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Miriam E. Pérez-Romero

    (Faculty of Accounting and Management, Saint Nicholas and Hidalgo Michoacán State University (UMSNH), Morelia 58030, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • José Álvarez-García

    (Financial Economy and Accounting Department, Faculty of Business, Finance and Tourism, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • María de la Cruz del Río-Rama

    (Business Management and Marketing Department, Faculty of Business Sciences and Tourism, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the causes and effects of tourism competitiveness, as well as cause–effect relationships from the perspective of two groups of experts, which are decision makers versus academics/researchers, both from the tourism sector. The purpose is to respond to the question: do decision makers in the tourism sector share the same perspective as academics/researchers regarding the relationship between the causes and effects of tourism competitiveness? The methodology used is the theory of expertons, the theory of forgotten effects and the Hamming distance. It was found that in most cases, the groups of experts share perspective, since their differences are small or non-existent. However, in all the relationships analyzed (cause–effect, cause–cause, and effect–effect), academic experts reported the highest assessment. The greatest difference in opinion is identified in the evaluation of the “Environmental Commitment” and “Tourist Demand” relationship. Decision makers in the tourism sector are ignoring the growing inclination and sensitivity that tourists are adopting towards the environment. It is necessary for the tourism sector to develop and consolidate its commitment to caring for and preserving the environment, which is an element that contributes to a destination’s competitiveness and has two main effects: tourism demand and customer satisfaction.

Suggested Citation

  • Martha B. Flores-Romero & Miriam E. Pérez-Romero & José Álvarez-García & María de la Cruz del Río-Rama, 2021. "Fuzzy Techniques Applied to the Analysis of the Causes and Effects of Tourism Competitiveness," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:7:p:777-:d:529263
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Merigó, José M. & Casanovas, Montserrat & Yang, Jian-Bo, 2014. "Group decision making with expertons and uncertain generalized probabilistic weighted aggregation operators," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 235(1), pages 215-224.
    2. Andrades, Lidia & Dimanche, Frederic, 2017. "Destination competitiveness and tourism development in Russia: Issues and challenges," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 360-376.
    3. Bolaky, Bineswaree, 2011. "Tourism competitiveness in the Caribbean," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    4. Alain Dupeyras & Neil MacCallum, 2013. "Indicators for Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism: A Guidance Document," OECD Tourism Papers 2013/2, OECD Publishing.
    5. Crouch, Geoffrey I. & Ritchie, J. R. Brent, 1999. "Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 137-152, March.
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    1. Felipe Chávez-Bustamante & Elliott Mardones-Arias & Julio Rojas-Mora & Jaime Tijmes-Ihl, 2023. "A Forgotten Effects Approach to the Analysis of Complex Economic Systems: Identifying Indirect Effects on Trade Networks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, January.

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