IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v9y2021i24p3257-d703358.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change over Time? A Comparative Study Using Multivariate Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Isabel Gallego-Álvarez

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Multidisciplinary Institute of Enterprise (IME), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa

    (Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Purificación Vicente-Galindo

    (Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

Abstract

Governance is a characteristic of political systems that indicates the degrees of cooperation and interaction between a state and non-state actors when it comes to decision making that will have an impact on society. The aim of our research focuses on analysing the behaviour of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) over the 2002–2019 period, since we are interested in learning whether such indicators varied or remained constant. Moreover, we will gain insight into the evolution of these indicators across countries in different geographical areas. The techniques we have chosen for this research are as follows: Partial Triadic Analysis, also known as X-STATIS, to highlight the stable structure of the evolution of the indicators and countries along the years by means of building an average year; Tucker3 to highlight deeper relationships among countries, indicators and years. A comparative analysis of these methods will allow us to check whether the WGI are stable over the years studied or whether they vary over time, providing information about the differences between the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in several countries or geographical areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Gallego-Álvarez & Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa & Purificación Vicente-Galindo, 2021. "Are Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change over Time? A Comparative Study Using Multivariate Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:24:p:3257-:d:703358
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3257/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/24/3257/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eric Neumayer, 2002. "Do Democracies Exhibit Stronger International Environmental Commitment? A Cross-country Analysis," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 39(2), pages 139-164, March.
    2. Daniel Kaufmann & Aart Kraay, 2008. "Governance Indicators: Where Are We, Where Should We Be Going?," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 23(1), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Vallejo-Arboleda, Amparo & Vicente-Villardon, Jose L. & Galindo-Villardon, M.P., 2007. "Canonical STATIS: Biplot analysis of multi-table group structured data based on STATIS-ACT methodology," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(9), pages 4193-4205, May.
    4. Daniel Kaufmann & Aart Kraay, 2002. "Growth without Governance," Economía Journal, The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association - LACEA, vol. 0(Fall 2002), pages 169-230, August.
    5. Jacques Bénasséni & Mohammed Bennani Dosse, 2012. "Analyzing multiset data by the Power STATIS-ACT method," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 6(1), pages 49-65, April.
    6. Gouranga Gopal Das & Soamiely Andriamananjara, 2006. "Hub-and-Spokes Free Trade Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 142(1), pages 33-66, April.
    7. Han, Xuehui & Khan, Haider & Zhuang, Juzhong, 2014. "Do Governance Indicators Explain Development Performance? A Cross-Country Analysis," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 417, Asian Development Bank.
    8. Vivien, Myrtille & Sabatier, Robert, 2004. "A generalization of STATIS-ACT strategy: DO-ACT for two multiblocks tables," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 155-171, May.
    9. Henk Kiers & Pieter Kroonenberg & Jos Berge, 1992. "An efficient algorithm for TUCKALS3 on data with large numbers of observation units," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 57(3), pages 415-422, September.
    10. Huynh, Kim P. & Jacho-Chávez, David T., 2009. "Growth and governance: A nonparametric analysis," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 121-143, March.
    11. M A Thomas, 2010. "What Do the Worldwide Governance Indicators Measure?," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 22(1), pages 31-54, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marta Santagata & Enrico Ivaldi & Riccardo Soliani, 2019. "Development and Governance in the Ex-Soviet Union: An Empirical Inquiry," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 141(1), pages 157-190, January.
    2. Mariela González-Narváez & María José Fernández-Gómez & Susana Mendes & José-Luis Molina & Omar Ruiz-Barzola & Purificación Galindo-Villardón, 2021. "Study of Temporal Variations in Species–Environment Association through an Innovative Multivariate Method: MixSTATICO," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Victoria I. Ballesteros-Espinoza & Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa & Ana B. Sánchez-García & Purificación Vicente-Galindo, 2021. "Proposal of the Dichotomous STATIS DUAL Method: Software and Application for the Analysis of Dichotomous Data, Applied to the Test of Learning Styles in University Students," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Myint Moe Chit, 2018. "Political openness and the growth of small and medium enterprises: empirical evidence from transition economies," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 781-804, September.
    5. Marion Payen & Patrick Rondé, 2020. "Culture, Institutions and Economic Growth," Working Papers of BETA 2020-18, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    6. Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan & Nikhil Chandra Shil, 2023. "Governance as an Interplay between Corruption and Polity: Conceptualizing from a National Perspective," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Carmen C. Rodríguez-Martínez & Isabel María García-Sánchez & Purificación Vicente-Galindo & Purificación Galindo-Villardón, 2019. "Exploring Relationships between Environmental Performance, E-Government and Corruption: A Multivariate Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-16, November.
    8. Zhang Zhuo & Almalki Sultan Musaad O & Bashir Muhammad & Sher Khan, 2021. "Underlying the Relationship Between Governance and Economic Growth in Developed Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(3), pages 1314-1330, September.
    9. Giuseppe Galloppo & Victoria Paimanova, 2018. "Efficiency and transparency effects on Eastern European financial markets," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 185-213, January.
    10. Halkos, George E. & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2013. "Carbon dioxide emissions and governance: A nonparametric analysis for the G-20," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 110-118.
    11. Ageliki Anagnostou & Dimitris Kallioras & Christos Kollias, 2016. "Governance Convergence Among the EU28?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 129(1), pages 133-146, October.
    12. Katarzyna Iwińska & Athanasios Kampas & Kerry Longhurst, 2019. "Interactions between Democracy and Environmental Quality: Toward a More Nuanced Understanding," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, March.
    13. Shabana Mitra, 2013. "Towards a Multidimensional Measure of Governance," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 112(2), pages 477-496, June.
    14. Simplice A. Asongu & Samba Diop, 2021. "Human development and governance in Africa: do good fences make good neighbours?," Working Papers 21/051, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    15. Huang, Chiung-Ju & Ho, Yuan-Hong, 2017. "Governance and economic growth in Asia," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 260-272.
    16. Sangeeta Khorana & Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso, 2020. "Twenty‐First‐Century Trade Governance: Findings From The Commonwealth Countries," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 38(2), pages 380-396, April.
    17. Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed & Ahmed, Qazi Masood, 2013. "The effect of institutions on economic growth: A global analysis based on GMM dynamic panel estimation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 18-33.
    18. Jiandang Liu & Jie Tang & Bo Zhou & Zhijun Liang, 2018. "The Effect of Governance Quality on Economic Growth: Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-23, October.
    19. Qamar Abbas & Li Junqing & Muhammad Ramzan & Sumbal Fatima, 2021. "Role of Governance in Debt-Growth Relationship: Evidence from Panel Data Estimations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, May.
    20. Humphery-Jenner, Mark & Powell, Ronan, 2014. "Firm size, sovereign governance, and value creation: Evidence from the acquirer size effect," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 57-77.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:24:p:3257-:d:703358. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.