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Fractional Dynamics of Stuxnet Virus Propagation in Industrial Control Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Zaheer Masood

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

    (Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou 64002, Taiwan)

  • Naveed Ishtiaq Chaudhary

    (Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou 64002, Taiwan)

  • Khalid Mehmood Cheema

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Ahmad H. Milyani

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The designed fractional order Stuxnet, the virus model, is analyzed to investigate the spread of the virus in the regime of isolated industrial networks environment by bridging the air-gap between the traditional and the critical control network infrastructures. Removable storage devices are commonly used to exploit the vulnerability of individual nodes, as well as the associated networks, by transferring data and viruses in the isolated industrial control system. A mathematical model of an arbitrary order system is constructed and analyzed numerically to depict the control mechanism. A local and global stability analysis of the system is performed on the equilibrium points derived for the value of α = 1. To understand the depth of fractional model behavior, numerical simulations are carried out for the distinct order of the fractional derivative system, and the results show that fractional order models provide rich dynamics by means of fast transient and super-slow evolution of the model’s steady-state behavior, which are seldom perceived in integer-order counterparts.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaheer Masood & Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja & Naveed Ishtiaq Chaudhary & Khalid Mehmood Cheema & Ahmad H. Milyani, 2021. "Fractional Dynamics of Stuxnet Virus Propagation in Industrial Control Systems," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(17), pages 1-27, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:17:p:2160-:d:629035
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Chaudhary, Naveed Ishtiaq & Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor & Khan, Zeshan Aslam & Mehmood, Ammara & Shah, Syed Muslim, 2022. "Design of fractional hierarchical gradient descent algorithm for parameter estimation of nonlinear control autoregressive systems," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    2. Mikhail Posypkin & Andrey Gorshenin & Vladimir Titarev, 2022. "Preface to the Special Issue on “Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems”," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(13), pages 1-8, June.
    3. Chaudhary, Naveed Ishtiaq & Khan, Zeshan Aslam & Kiani, Adiqa Kausar & Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor & Chaudhary, Iqra Ishtiaq & Pinto, Carla M.A., 2022. "Design of auxiliary model based normalized fractional gradient algorithm for nonlinear output-error systems," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    4. Mukhtar, Roshana & Chang, Chuan-Yu & Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor & Chaudhary, Naveed Ishtiaq & Shu, Chi-Min, 2024. "Novel nonlinear fractional order Parkinson's disease model for brain electrical activity rhythms: Intelligent adaptive Bayesian networks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).

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