Modeling and Simulation of High Voltage Power Lines under Transient and Persistent Faults

The work proposes an original method for modeling and simulating the triggering of 110 kV interconnection power lines in case of common faults, such as transient or persistent faults. Urban and industrial areas, surrounding urban areas, require a high energy consumption that is being supplied through 110 kV overhead power lines, responsible for distributing power to the industrial and domestic consumers. High voltage distribution power lines are most prone to failure, due to their exposure, affecting a large number of consumers if a fault occurs. Faults of power lines in service certify that currently there is no perfectly controllable operation mode in terms of load rating, environmental factors, insulation resistance, or mechanical resistance, which would allow total avoidance of faults, it is only possible to reduce the impact they have on the network as a whole. Mathematical models have been developed to determine the experimental voltage and current responses describing the fault propagation, expressed as a 7th-degree polynomial curve, as a second-order transfer function or as the Gaussian model type. By comparing these mathematical models, the most probable answers that can lead to the development of a control structure for rapid identification of a fault were obtained, with the possibility of triggering the line protection relay. In the final part of the manuscript, the viability of applying artificial intelligence techniques, for the approached fault management application, is proven. The developed control structure evaluates the nature of the fault and determines a faster reaction of the line protection causing an increase in the performance of the distribution service.