IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v10y2022i19p3441-d921505.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Model of OTC Securities Market Transformation in the Context of Asset Tokenization

Author

Listed:
  • Evgeny Popov

    (Ural Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, 8 March Str. 66, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
    Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia)

  • Anna Veretennikova

    (Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
    Institute of Economics, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Moskowskaya Str. 29, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia)

  • Sergey Fedoreev

    (Sverdlovsk Regional Entrepreneurship Support Fund, Gornozavodsky Administrative District, Mira Str. 2a, 622034 Nizhny Tagil, Russia)

Abstract

The relevance of this study stems from the fact that the development of a market for financial instruments can significantly expand lending opportunities for small- and medium-sized businesses. While research on the impact of tokenization on financial markets is extensive, literature provides virtually no description of mathematical models that can be used in the design and development of information systems issuing tokenized financial instruments. Thus, the study aims to develop mathematical models representing the transformation of the over-the-counter (OTC) securities market induced by the tokenization of underlying assets. The development of crowdlending platforms is gradually transforming the financial market landscape. The key change trends consist in transactional fragmentation both on the demand and supply sides. This paper proposes a mathematical model of internal transformation occurring in the OTC financial market, which describes the process of managing rights to underlying assets during their issuance and circulation. The model is built by analogy with the Harrison–Ruzzo–Ullman (HRU) model, applying the same principles to the relations of economic agents in exercising access rights to underlying assets as those that regulate access rights to files. The research novelty of the presented model consists in the formalization of financial market transformation occurring in the context of asset tokenization, which significantly expands the mathematical apparatus of digital financial transactions. This paper also proposes a mathematical model of competitive tokenization-induced transformation occurring in the OTC financial market, which describes transaction costs associated with attracting investment in the OTC financial market and the market for tokenized assets. In addition, the barriers of the OTC financial market and the stock market are described indicating the supply and demand trends in the context of transformation occurring in the OTC financial market under the influence of underlying asset tokenization. The novelty of this model lies in the mathematical formalization of the investment attraction process in the market for tokenized assets. The theoretical value of the developed models consists in the confirmation of significantly expanded supply capabilities of tokenized assets on the graph showing the dependence of asset returns on invested capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Evgeny Popov & Anna Veretennikova & Sergey Fedoreev, 2022. "The Model of OTC Securities Market Transformation in the Context of Asset Tokenization," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:19:p:3441-:d:921505
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/19/3441/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/19/3441/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Antonella Francesca Cicchiello & Daniele Leone, 2020. "Encouraging investment in SMEs through equity-based crowdfunding," International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(3), pages 258-278.
    2. Evgeny Popov & Anna Veretennikova & Alisa Safronova, 2020. "Mathematical Support for Financing Social Innovations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-25, December.
    3. Sabrina T Howell & Marina Niessner & David Yermack & Jiang Wei, 2020. "Initial Coin Offerings: Financing Growth with Cryptocurrency Token Sales," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(9), pages 3925-3974.
    4. Lin William Cong & Ye Li & Neng Wang, 2021. "Tokenomics: Dynamic Adoption and Valuation [The demand of liquid assets with uncertain lumpy expenditures]," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(3), pages 1105-1155.
    5. Moshe Yonatany, 2017. "Platforms, ecosystems, and the internationalization of highly digitized organizations," Journal of Organization Design, Springer;Organizational Design Community, vol. 6(1), pages 1-5, December.
    6. Fatehi, Soraya & Wagner, Michael R., 2017. "Crowdfunding via Revenue-Sharing Contracts," Foundations and Trends(R) in Technology, Information and Operations Management, now publishers, vol. 10(3-4), pages 407-424, December.
    7. Thomas Lambert & Daniel Liebau & Peter Roosenboom, 2022. "Security token offerings," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 299-325, June.
    8. Cozzolino, Alessio & Corbo, Leonardo & Aversa, Paolo, 2021. "Digital platform-based ecosystems: The evolution of collaboration and competition between incumbent producers and entrant platforms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 385-400.
    9. Assad Ullah & Xinshun Zhao & Muhammad Abdul Kamal & Adeel Riaz & Bowen Zheng, 2021. "Exploring asymmetric relationship between Islamic banking development and economic growth in Pakistan: Fresh evidence from a non‐linear ARDL approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 6168-6187, October.
    10. Ullah, Assad & Zhao, Xinshun & Kamal, Muhammad Abdul & Zheng, JiaJia, 2020. "Modeling the relationship between military spending and stock market development (a) symmetrically in China: An empirical analysis via the NARDL approach," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 554(C).
    11. Anna Markeeva & Olga Gavrilenko, 2019. "Future of Platform Economy: Digital Platform as New Economic Actor and Instance of Social Control," Postmodern Openings, Editura Lumen, Department of Economics, vol. 10(3), pages 117-134, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Oana Marin & Tudor Cioara & Ionut Anghel, 2023. "Blockchain Solution for Buildings’ Multi-Energy Flexibility Trading Using Multi-Token Standards," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jingxing (Rowena) Gan & Gerry Tsoukalas & Serguei Netessine, 2021. "Initial Coin Offerings, Speculation, and Asset Tokenization," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(2), pages 914-931, February.
    2. Yannis Bakos & Hanna Halaburda, 2022. "Overcoming the Coordination Problem in New Marketplaces via Cryptographic Tokens," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(4), pages 1368-1385, December.
    3. Jongsub Lee & Tao Li & Donghwa Shin, 2022. "The Wisdom of Crowds in FinTech: Evidence from Initial Coin Offerings," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(1), pages 1-46.
    4. Laurens Swinkels, 2023. "Empirical evidence on the ownership and liquidity of real estate tokens," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-29, December.
    5. Luisa Faust & Maura Kolbe & Sasan Mansouri & Paul P. Momtaz, 2022. "The Crowdfunding of Altruism," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-29, March.
    6. Reuter, Marco, 2022. "The value of decentralization using the blockchain," ZEW Discussion Papers 22-056, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    7. Julio E. Sandubete & León Beleña & Juan Carlos García-Villalobos, 2023. "Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos on Top Currencies from the Foreign Exchange Market (FOREX)," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-29, January.
    8. Şoiman, Florentina & Dumas, Jean-Guillaume & Jimenez-Garces, Sonia, 2023. "What drives DeFi market returns?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    9. Tao, Zhijie & Peng, Bo & Ma, Lina, 2023. "Optimal initial coin offering under speculative token trading," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(2), pages 632-644.
    10. Garratt, Rodney J. & van Oordt, Maarten R.C., 2022. "Entrepreneurial incentives and the role of initial coin offerings," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    11. Michael Sockin & Wei Xiong, 2023. "Decentralization through Tokenization," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(1), pages 247-299, February.
    12. Muneer M. Alshater & Mayank Joshipura & Rim El Khoury & Nohade Nasrallah, 2023. "Initial Coin Offerings: a Hybrid Empirical Review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 891-908, October.
    13. David Florysiak, 2024. "Utility tokens, markets in crypto assets regulation (MiCAR), and the costs of being public," Chapters, in: Henrik Cronqvist & Desiree-Jessica Pely (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Decentralized Finance, Digital Assets, and Blockchain Technologies, chapter 6, pages 113-126, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    14. Nguyen, Phong Thanh & Nguyen, Linh Thi My, 2022. "Understanding platform market value through decentralization governance — An integrative model from signaling and mechanism design theory," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Kreppmeier, Julia & Laschinger, Ralf & Steininger, Bertram & Dorfleitner, Gregor, 2023. "Real Estate Security Token Offerings and the Secondary Market: Driven by Crypto Hype or Fundamentals?," Working Paper Series 23/6, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Banking and Finance.
    16. Guangye Cao, 2024. "Token vs Equity for Startup Financing," Papers 2402.04662, arXiv.org.
    17. Chiu, Jonathan & Wong, Tsz-Nga, 2022. "Payments on digital platforms: Resiliency, interoperability and welfare," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    18. Swinkels, Laurens, 2024. "Trading carbon credit tokens on the blockchain," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 720-733.
    19. Florysiak, David & Schandlbauer, Alexander, 2022. "Experts or charlatans? ICO analysts and white paper informativeness," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    20. Benedetti, Hugo & Kostovetsky, Leonard, 2021. "Digital Tulips? Returns to investors in initial coin offerings," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:19:p:3441-:d:921505. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.