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Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015

Author

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  • Giuseppe Molinario

    (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Matthew Hansen

    (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Peter Potapov

    (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Alexandra Tyukavina

    (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Stephen Stehman

    (College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA)

Abstract

Shifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. This study investigates the land use context of new forest clearing (during 2000–2015) in primary forest areas outside of the established rural complex. These new forest clearings occur as either rural complex expansion (RCE) or isolated forest perforations (IFP), with consequent implications on the forest ecosystem and biodiversity habitat. During 2000–2015, subsistence agriculture was the dominant driver of forest clearing for both extension of settled areas and pioneer clearings removed from settled areas. Less than 1% of clearing was directly attributable to land uses such as mining, plantations, and logging, showing that the impact of commercial operations in the DRC is currently dwarfed by a reliance on small-holder shifting cultivation. However, analyzing the landscape context showed that large-scale agroindustry and resource extraction activities lead to increased forest loss and degradation beyond their previously-understood footprints. The worker populations drawn to these areas create communities that rely on shifting cultivation and non-timber forest products (NTFP) for food, energy, and building materials. An estimated 12% of forest loss within the RCE and 9% of the area of IFP was found to be within 5 km of mines, logging, or plantations. Given increasing demographic and commercial pressures on DRC’s forests, it will be crucial to factor in this landscape-level land use change dynamic in land use planning and sustainability-focused governance.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Molinario & Matthew Hansen & Peter Potapov & Alexandra Tyukavina & Stephen Stehman, 2020. "Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:23-:d:309472
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Pietro De Marinis & Samuele De Petris & Filippo Sarvia & Giacinto Manfron & Evelyn Joan Momo & Tommaso Orusa & Gianmarco Corvino & Guido Sali & Enrico Mondino Borgogno, 2021. "Supporting Pro-Poor Reforms of Agricultural Systems in Eastern DRC (Africa) with Remotely Sensed Data: A Possible Contribution of Spatial Entropy to Interpret Land Management Practices," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
    3. Antoine Leblois, 2021. "Mitigating the impact of bad rainy seasons in poor agricultural regions to tackle deforestation," Post-Print hal-03111007, HAL.
    4. Jeffrey Chiwuikem Chiaka & Lin Zhen, 2021. "Land Use, Environmental, and Food Consumption Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2015: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Shapiro, Aurélie & d’Annunzio, Rémi & Desclée, Baudouin & Jungers, Quentin & Kondjo, Héritier Koy & Iyanga, Josefina Mbulito & Gangyo, Francis Inicko & Nana, Tatiana & Obame, Conan Vassily & Milandou,, 2023. "Small scale agriculture continues to drive deforestation and degradation in fragmented forests in the Congo Basin (2015–2020)," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    6. Kylie Clay & Lauren Cooper, 2022. "Safeguarding against Harm in a Climate-Smart Forest Economy: Definitions, Challenges, and Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-13, April.

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