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A Trend Analysis of Leaf Area Index and Land Surface Temperature and Their Relationship from Global to Local Scale

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  • Azad Rasul

    (Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Soran 44008, Iraq
    Scientific Research Centre, Delzyan Campus, Soran University, Soran 44008, Iraq)

  • Sa’ad Ibrahim

    (Department of Geography, Adamu Augie College of Education, Argungu 861231, Nigeria)

  • Ajoke R. Onojeghuo

    (Jolexy Environmental Services Ltd., Edmonton, AB T5T 7C9, Canada
    Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK)

  • Heiko Balzter

    (Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
    National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK)

Abstract

Although the way in which vegetation phenology mediates the feedback of vegetation to climate systems is now well understood, the magnitude of these changes is still unknown. A thorough understanding of how the recent shift in phenology may impact on, for example, land surface temperature (LST) is important. To address this knowledge gap, it is important to quantify these impacts and identify patterns from the global to the regional scale. This study examines the trend and linear regression modeling of the leaf area index (LAI) and LST derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, specifically to assess their spatial distribution and changing trends at the continental and regional scales. The change detection analysis of interannual variability in the global LAI and LST between two periods (2003–2010 and 2011–2018) demonstrates more positive LAI trends than negative, while for LST most changes were not significant. The relationships between LAI and LST were assessed across the continents to ascertain the response of vegetation to changes in LST. The regression between LAI and LST was negative in Australia ( R 2 = 0.487 ***), positive but minimal in Africa ( R 2 = 0.001), positive in North America ( R 2 = 0.641 ***), negative in Central America ( R 2 = 0.119), positive in South America ( R 2 = 0.253 *) and positive in Europe ( R 2 = 0.740 ***). Medium temperatures enhance photosynthesis and lengthen the growing season in Europe. We also found a significant greening trend in China ( trendp = 0.16 ***) and India ( trendp = 0.13 ***). The relationships between LAI and LST in these most prominent greening countries of the world are R 2 = 0.06 and R 2 = 0.25 for China and India, respectively. Our deductions here are twofold—(1) In China, an insignificant association appeared between greening trend and temperature. (2) In India, the significant greening trend may be a factor in lowering temperatures. Therefore, temperature may stabilize if the greening trend continues. We attribute the trends in both countries to the different land use management and climate mitigation policies adopted by these countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Azad Rasul & Sa’ad Ibrahim & Ajoke R. Onojeghuo & Heiko Balzter, 2020. "A Trend Analysis of Leaf Area Index and Land Surface Temperature and Their Relationship from Global to Local Scale," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:388-:d:426787
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chi Chen & Taejin Park & Xuhui Wang & Shilong Piao & Baodong Xu & Rajiv K. Chaturvedi & Richard Fuchs & Victor Brovkin & Philippe Ciais & Rasmus Fensholt & Hans Tømmervik & Govindasamy Bala & Zaichun , 2019. "China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 2(2), pages 122-129, February.
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    1. Xianglong Fan & Xin Lv & Pan Gao & Lifu Zhang & Ze Zhang & Qiang Zhang & Yiru Ma & Xiang Yi & Caixia Yin & Lulu Ma, 2022. "Establishment of a Monitoring Model for the Cotton Leaf Area Index Based on the Canopy Reflectance Spectrum," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Nitesh Awasthi & Jayant Nath Tripathi & George P. Petropoulos & Dileep Kumar Gupta & Abhay Kumar Singh & Amar Kumar Kathwas & Prashant K. Srivastava, 2023. "Appraisal of Climate Response to Vegetation Indices over Tropical Climate Region in India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Azad Rasul & Ramesh Ningthoujam, 2021. "Snow cover and vegetation greenness with leaf water content control the global land surface temperature," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(10), pages 14722-14748, October.

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