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Soy Expansion and Socioeconomic Development in Municipalities of Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Luiz Antonio Martinelli

    (Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil)

  • Mateus Batistella

    (Center for Environmental Studies and Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-867, Brazil
    Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, DF 70770-901, Brazil)

  • Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva

    (Center for Environmental Studies and Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-867, Brazil)

  • Emilio Moran

    (Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

Abstract

Soy occupies the largest area of agricultural land in Brazil, spreading from southern states to the Amazon region. Soy is also the most important agricultural commodity among Brazilian exports affecting food security and land use nationally and internationally. Here we pose the question of whether soy expansion affects only economic growth or whether it also boosts socioeconomic development, fostering education and health improvements in Brazilian municipalities where it is planted. To achieve this objective, we divided more than 5000 municipalities into two groups: those with >300 ha of soy (soy municipalities) and those with <300 ha of soy (non-soy municipalities). We compared the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini coefficient for income for these two groups of municipalities in 1991, 2000, and 2010. We made such comparison at the municipality level for the whole country, but we also grouped the municipalities by major geographical regions and states. We found that the HDI was higher in soy municipalities, especially in the agricultural frontier. That effect was not so clear in more consolidated agricultural regions of the country. Soy municipalities also had a higher Gini coefficient for income than non-soy municipalities. We concluded that soy could be considered a precursor of socioeconomic development under certain conditions; however, it also tends to be associated with an increase in income inequality, especially in the agricultural frontier.

Suggested Citation

  • Luiz Antonio Martinelli & Mateus Batistella & Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva & Emilio Moran, 2017. "Soy Expansion and Socioeconomic Development in Municipalities of Brazil," Land, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-14, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:62-:d:111957
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Anna Herzberger & Min Gon Chung & Kelly Kapsar & Kenneth A. Frank & Jianguo Liu, 2019. "Telecoupled Food Trade Affects Pericoupled Trade and Intracoupled Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Reis, Tiago N.P. dos & Bastos Lima, Mairon G. & Russo Lopes, Gabriela & Meyfroidt, Patrick, 2024. "Not all supply chains are created equal: The linkages between soy local trade relations and development outcomes in Brazil," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    5. Fernandes, Vicente Aprigliano & Pacheco, Ricardo Rodrigues & Fernandes, Elton & da Silva, William Ribeiro, 2019. "Regional change in the hierarchy of Brazilian airports 2007–2016," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva & Mateus Batistella & James D. A. Millington & Emilio Moran & Luiz A. Martinelli & Yue Dou & Jianguo Liu, 2020. "Three Decades of Changes in Brazilian Municipalities and Their Food Production Systems," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, October.
    7. Simone Piras & Valdemar João Wesz & Stefano Ghinoi, 2021. "Soy Expansion, Environment, and Human Development: An Analysis across Brazilian Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    8. Miranda, Javier & Börner, Jan, 2021. "Farm-Level Impacts of Shifts in Conservation Policy Regimes in Brazil’s Arc of Deforestation," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315225, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    9. Russo Lopes, Gabriela & Bastos Lima, Mairon G. & Reis, Tiago N.P. dos, 2021. "Maldevelopment revisited: Inclusiveness and social impacts of soy expansion over Brazil’s Cerrado in Matopiba," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    10. Daniel Laurentino de Jesus Xavier & João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis & André Henrique Ivale & Aparecido Carlos Duarte & Gabriel Santos Rodrigues & Jonatas Santos de Souza & Paula Ferreira da Cruz Correia, 2023. "Agricultural International Trade by Brazilian Ports: A Study Using Social Network Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, April.
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