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The Analysis of Spatiotemporal Changes in Vegetation Coverage and Driving Factors in the Historically Affected Manganese Mining Areas of Yongzhou City, Hunan Province

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  • Jinbin Liu

    (School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Zexin He

    (Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Huading Shi

    (Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Yun Zhao

    (School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Junke Wang

    (School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Anfu Liu

    (Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Li Li

    (Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Ruifeng Zhu

    (Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
    College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)

Abstract

Manganese ore, as an important strategic metal resource for the country, was subject to unreasonable mining practices and outdated smelting technologies in early China, leading to severe ecological damage in mining areas. This study examines the trends in vegetation cover change in the historical manganese mining areas of Yongzhou under the influence of policy, providing technical references for mitigating the ecological impact of these legacy mining areas and offering a basis for adjusting mine restoration policies. This paper takes the manganese mining area in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province as a case study and selects multiple periods of Landsat satellite images from 2000 to 2023. By calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of vegetation coverage in the Yongzhou manganese mining area from 2000 to 2023 were analyzed. The analysis results show that, in terms of time, from 2000 to 2012, the vegetation coverage in the manganese mining area decreased from 0.58 to 0.21, while from 2013 to 2023, it gradually recovered from 0.21 to 0.40. From a spatial perspective, in areas where artificial reclamation was conducted, the vegetation was mainly mildly and moderately degraded, while in areas where no artificial restoration was carried out, significant vegetation degradation was observed. Mining activities were the primary anthropogenic driving force behind the decrease in vegetation coverage, while effective ecological protection projects and proactive policy guidance were the main anthropogenic driving forces behind the increase in vegetation coverage in the mining area.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinbin Liu & Zexin He & Huading Shi & Yun Zhao & Junke Wang & Anfu Liu & Li Li & Ruifeng Zhu, 2025. "The Analysis of Spatiotemporal Changes in Vegetation Coverage and Driving Factors in the Historically Affected Manganese Mining Areas of Yongzhou City, Hunan Province," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-25, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:1:p:133-:d:1564168
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tianyu Zhu & Chengzhi Li & Xiaocao Liu & Xiaobing Zhao, 2024. "Assessing Ecological Restoration in Arid Mining Regions: A Progressive Evaluation System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Sinha, Suranjan & Bhattacharya, Rabindra N. & Banerjee, Rajasree, 2007. "Surface iron ore mining in eastern India and local level sustainability," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1-2), pages 57-68.
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