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Assessment of Soil Temperature and Its Change Trends in the Permafrost Regions of the Northern Hemisphere

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  • Yifan Wu

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Guojie Hu

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Lin Zhao

    (School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Defu Zou

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Xiaofan Zhu

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Yao Xiao

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Tonghua Wu

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Xiaodong Wu

    (Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Youqi Su

    (School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610000, China)

  • Rui Zhang

    (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

In this paper, we used data from 42 soil temperature observation sites in permafrost regions throughout the Northern Hemisphere to analyze the characteristics and variability in soil temperature. The observation data were used to evaluate soil temperature simulations at different depths from 10 CMIP6 models in the permafrost region of the Northern Hemisphere. The results showed that the annual average soil temperature in the permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere gradually decreased with increasing latitude, and the soil temperature gradually decreased with depth. The average soil temperatures at different depths were mainly concentrated around 0 °C. The 10 CMIP6 models performed well in simulating soil temperature, but most models tended to underestimate temperatures compared to the measured values. Overall, the CESM2 model yielded the best simulation results, whereas the CNRM-CM6-1 model performed the worst. The change trends in annual average soil temperature across the 42 sites ranged from −0.17 °C/10a to 0.41 °C/10a from 1900 to 2014, the closer to the Arctic, the faster the soil warming rate. The rate of soil temperature change also varied at different depths between 1900–2014 and 1980–2014. The rate of soil temperature change from 1980 to 2014 was approximately three times greater than that from 1900 to 2014.

Suggested Citation

  • Yifan Wu & Guojie Hu & Lin Zhao & Defu Zou & Xiaofan Zhu & Yao Xiao & Tonghua Wu & Xiaodong Wu & Youqi Su & Rui Zhang, 2024. "Assessment of Soil Temperature and Its Change Trends in the Permafrost Regions of the Northern Hemisphere," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:7:p:1029-:d:1431773
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vladimir E. Romanovsky & Sharon L. Smith & Hanne H. Christiansen, 2010. "Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007–2009: a synthesis," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(2), pages 106-116, April.
    2. E. A. G. Schuur & A. D. McGuire & C. Schädel & G. Grosse & J. W. Harden & D. J. Hayes & G. Hugelius & C. D. Koven & P. Kuhry & D. M. Lawrence & S. M. Natali & D. Olefeldt & V. E. Romanovsky & K. Schae, 2015. "Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback," Nature, Nature, vol. 520(7546), pages 171-179, April.
    3. S.L. Smith & V.E. Romanovsky & A.G. Lewkowicz & C.R. Burn & M. Allard & G.D. Clow & K. Yoshikawa & J. Throop, 2010. "Thermal state of permafrost in North America: a contribution to the international polar year," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(2), pages 117-135, April.
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    Keywords

    northern hemisphere; permafrost; CMIP6; model assessment;
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